1 00:00:27,528 --> 00:00:29,404 [Tray] Ella, I know you wanna say it. 2 00:00:29,446 --> 00:00:30,656 Go ahead. 3 00:00:30,697 --> 00:00:32,199 [Ella] I'm not gonna say it. 4 00:00:32,241 --> 00:00:33,033 But you wanna? 5 00:00:33,075 --> 00:00:33,992 Yeah, I do. 6 00:00:34,034 --> 00:00:35,661 I know. Go ahead. 7 00:00:35,702 --> 00:00:36,995 I told you so. 8 00:00:37,037 --> 00:00:37,955 See? Always with the 9 00:00:37,996 --> 00:00:38,622 "I told you so." 10 00:00:38,872 --> 00:00:40,499 ‘Cause I told you so 11 00:00:40,541 --> 00:00:41,333 [Ella laughing] 12 00:00:41,375 --> 00:00:43,001 You's right this time. 13 00:00:43,293 --> 00:00:44,711 What you mean, "this time"? 14 00:00:44,753 --> 00:00:46,171 I'm always right. 15 00:00:46,547 --> 00:00:47,339 [Tray] Aight, aight, I got you. 16 00:00:47,381 --> 00:00:48,298 Calm down, calm down 17 00:00:48,340 --> 00:00:49,174 [Ella] Aight, so get your little candy 18 00:00:49,216 --> 00:00:50,008 or whatever. 19 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:50,676 And call me back. 20 00:00:50,717 --> 00:00:51,510 [Tray] Aight. 21 00:00:56,598 --> 00:00:57,474 [man] Hey. 22 00:01:02,437 --> 00:01:04,106 Three fifty. 23 00:01:14,575 --> 00:01:16,159 [rain falling] 24 00:01:30,632 --> 00:01:33,176 [Tray] Like, I don't know, some... Oh, oh, oh... 25 00:01:33,218 --> 00:01:34,219 You know, like, breakfast. 26 00:01:34,261 --> 00:01:35,220 [Ella] Okay, breakfast. 27 00:01:35,262 --> 00:01:36,054 [Tray] I like me some eggs... 28 00:01:36,096 --> 00:01:37,389 You like grits, berries. 29 00:01:37,431 --> 00:01:38,223 I got you. 30 00:01:38,265 --> 00:01:39,433 You got me? 31 00:01:39,474 --> 00:01:40,559 I don't know if I want... You like berries? 32 00:01:40,601 --> 00:01:42,227 What you be eating berries with pancakes? 33 00:01:42,269 --> 00:01:43,228 Yeah, I eat berries 34 00:01:43,270 --> 00:01:44,229 with pancakes. 35 00:01:44,479 --> 00:01:45,522 Like blueberry pancakes. That's so bomb. 36 00:01:45,772 --> 00:01:47,357 [Tray] See, okay. We've gotta have fun. 37 00:01:47,399 --> 00:01:48,108 We gotta do our own thing. 38 00:01:48,150 --> 00:01:48,984 I feel like... 39 00:01:49,026 --> 00:01:49,943 We gotta do our own thing. 40 00:01:49,985 --> 00:01:51,278 It's gonna be amazing. 41 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:52,446 I'm really excited... 42 00:01:52,487 --> 00:01:53,572 [soft music] 43 00:01:53,614 --> 00:01:56,283 [Ella continues indistinctly] 44 00:02:01,079 --> 00:02:01,913 Tray? 45 00:02:01,955 --> 00:02:03,081 Hey, I think... 46 00:02:03,123 --> 00:02:04,916 I think this car's following me. 47 00:02:04,958 --> 00:02:07,002 What? For real? 48 00:02:07,336 --> 00:02:08,128 [Tray] It keeps looping 49 00:02:08,170 --> 00:02:09,212 around the block. 50 00:02:09,254 --> 00:02:11,757 Dang. Try goin' another way. 51 00:02:13,342 --> 00:02:14,926 Call me when you get home, okay? 52 00:02:14,968 --> 00:02:15,969 All right. 53 00:02:45,499 --> 00:02:46,291 Mama? 54 00:02:55,801 --> 00:02:57,052 Mama? 55 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:02,891 Afternoon. 56 00:03:06,895 --> 00:03:09,648 Afternoon. Are you sleeping 57 00:03:09,690 --> 00:03:10,857 or kinda? 58 00:03:13,068 --> 00:03:14,277 Kinda. 59 00:03:17,364 --> 00:03:19,408 Hey, Sleeping Beauty. 60 00:03:21,910 --> 00:03:24,788 - Hello. - Hey. Hi. Hi. [grumbles] 61 00:03:28,208 --> 00:03:31,169 Want to sit up? Sit up. 62 00:03:31,211 --> 00:03:33,672 There you go. All right. 63 00:03:33,714 --> 00:03:35,048 Come on, one more time. 64 00:03:35,382 --> 00:03:37,384 - That's good. That's good. - Okay. 65 00:03:37,718 --> 00:03:39,594 - I'm okay. - How's that? 66 00:03:41,179 --> 00:03:42,848 Yeah. There we go. 67 00:03:43,473 --> 00:03:45,142 Sweetie with you? 68 00:03:45,183 --> 00:03:47,227 He's bringing the trash around back. 69 00:03:48,478 --> 00:03:51,064 Ah, yeah, garbage day. 70 00:03:51,398 --> 00:03:53,567 Everything in its right place. 71 00:03:55,068 --> 00:03:56,695 Of course you know how to do it 72 00:03:56,737 --> 00:03:58,697 but you don't have to do it, not while I'm here. 73 00:03:59,656 --> 00:04:02,284 Don't take my job from me, please. 74 00:04:02,743 --> 00:04:04,995 There's only so much joy left for me in this world, 75 00:04:05,036 --> 00:04:06,788 you gotta let me have it now. 76 00:04:08,081 --> 00:04:09,207 Okay. 77 00:04:12,419 --> 00:04:13,503 You ready? 78 00:04:20,886 --> 00:04:21,970 Come here. 79 00:04:29,603 --> 00:04:30,854 Okay. 80 00:04:30,896 --> 00:04:33,106 Go slow, okay? Come on. 81 00:04:34,316 --> 00:04:36,651 I got you. Okay. 82 00:04:36,943 --> 00:04:40,071 [Mama] Could you tell me how many apartments there are in... 83 00:04:40,113 --> 00:04:42,032 [man] We have 200 units. 84 00:04:42,324 --> 00:04:43,950 - [Mama] Two hundred, okay. - [man] Two hundred units. 85 00:04:43,992 --> 00:04:45,076 [Mama] And everything... 86 00:04:45,118 --> 00:04:46,411 Kitchen, full kitchen... 87 00:04:46,453 --> 00:04:48,580 Full kitchen and... Yeah, that's... 88 00:04:48,622 --> 00:04:50,290 Well, everyone looks really nice. 89 00:04:50,332 --> 00:04:52,250 Yes. It's a great group. 90 00:04:52,292 --> 00:04:53,960 You know, Mr. Mayhew, 91 00:04:54,252 --> 00:04:56,963 my husband was a Tuskegee Airman. 92 00:04:57,255 --> 00:04:59,466 Fought for America in World War Il. 93 00:04:59,508 --> 00:05:01,259 Oh. 94 00:05:01,301 --> 00:05:04,805 Oh, this is a gym here, yeah? 95 00:05:04,846 --> 00:05:07,098 Beautiful, open 24 hours. 96 00:05:22,113 --> 00:05:24,157 Oh, thank you. 97 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:28,245 Thank you. 98 00:05:39,005 --> 00:05:42,008 So... You've got really nice kitchen... 99 00:05:48,014 --> 00:05:48,807 Hey. 100 00:05:50,809 --> 00:05:54,563 - At least there's good light. - Mmm. Yeah. 101 00:06:02,487 --> 00:06:04,281 Look at that cloud. 102 00:06:04,614 --> 00:06:09,619 I see a swimming pool with boys jumping in. 103 00:06:09,995 --> 00:06:13,290 - Where? - There. Look. 104 00:06:13,331 --> 00:06:14,666 There's the arms. 105 00:06:14,708 --> 00:06:18,044 Oh, yeah, I see it. I see it. I see it. 106 00:06:18,378 --> 00:06:22,632 They're a Little League team, just won the big game, 107 00:06:22,924 --> 00:06:25,802 celebrating and having a ball. 108 00:06:26,094 --> 00:06:27,220 See the splashes? 109 00:06:29,055 --> 00:06:30,140 [Isabel] Mama. 110 00:06:30,432 --> 00:06:33,727 Little League team. Splashes. 111 00:06:34,936 --> 00:06:36,271 It's true. 112 00:06:39,649 --> 00:06:41,568 You and your imagination. 113 00:06:51,202 --> 00:06:52,954 You gonna be all right? 114 00:06:56,541 --> 00:06:57,626 Yes. 115 00:06:58,752 --> 00:07:00,837 I'm gonna be all right, honey. 116 00:07:04,257 --> 00:07:06,718 I'm going to be all right. 117 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:07,844 Okay. 118 00:07:14,726 --> 00:07:17,562 If anybody can maneuver, it's your ma. 119 00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:20,523 Okay? What's she say all the time? 120 00:07:20,565 --> 00:07:23,443 "My husband was a Tuskegee Airman." 121 00:07:24,819 --> 00:07:27,238 Listen, I know keeping elders at home 122 00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:29,240 is supposed to be a noble thing and all, 123 00:07:29,282 --> 00:07:30,784 but there's something to be said 124 00:07:30,825 --> 00:07:33,745 for keeping her as independent as she can be. 125 00:07:33,787 --> 00:07:37,332 - Where'd you find them? - Next to the lamp. 126 00:07:37,374 --> 00:07:39,709 Under a scarf with the ringer off. 127 00:07:39,751 --> 00:07:41,378 [Isabel] Ugh... 128 00:07:41,419 --> 00:07:42,379 [Brett] You've got to use the hook. 129 00:07:42,420 --> 00:07:43,713 That is what it is there for. 130 00:07:44,005 --> 00:07:45,548 Is that Mr. Brett? 131 00:07:45,799 --> 00:07:48,009 - Ohh! - [Isabel] Ready to go out? 132 00:07:48,259 --> 00:07:50,261 Is this Marion? How's Teddy? 133 00:07:50,303 --> 00:07:52,889 You know, working my nerves, but what else is new? 134 00:07:55,392 --> 00:07:57,435 - You need some paper towels? - Yeah. 135 00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:00,855 Let's not miss this flight, okay? 136 00:08:04,067 --> 00:08:06,903 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 137 00:08:06,945 --> 00:08:07,904 Okay. 138 00:08:13,076 --> 00:08:14,911 You got your boarding pass? 139 00:08:18,832 --> 00:08:21,209 - l knew you had that. - Yeah, you knew it, huh? 140 00:08:21,501 --> 00:08:22,627 - You got it. - Bye. 141 00:08:22,669 --> 00:08:23,712 Bye, baby. 142 00:08:48,987 --> 00:08:51,906 [Isabel narrating] The shipyard workers at Blohm and Voss 143 00:08:52,157 --> 00:08:56,119 gather for a ceremony celebrating the company's new 144 00:08:56,369 --> 00:08:58,538 295-foot vessel. 145 00:08:58,580 --> 00:09:00,457 [men shouting] 146 00:09:02,375 --> 00:09:04,169 Adopted by the Nazis, 147 00:09:04,210 --> 00:09:07,797 a "heil" salute was mandatory for German citizens. 148 00:09:08,089 --> 00:09:09,132 [man speaking German] 149 00:09:09,424 --> 00:09:11,342 But if you look closely, 150 00:09:11,593 --> 00:09:14,888 you'll find someone who defied this. 151 00:09:16,514 --> 00:09:20,310 His name is believed to be August Landmesser. 152 00:09:20,769 --> 00:09:25,148 He had joined the Nazi Party two years before this day, 153 00:09:25,190 --> 00:09:26,775 but in that time, 154 00:09:27,233 --> 00:09:29,986 August met and fell in love with a woman 155 00:09:30,236 --> 00:09:33,823 unlike any he'd ever met. 156 00:09:34,074 --> 00:09:37,118 Unlike any he was supposed to have met. 157 00:09:39,245 --> 00:09:40,663 Irma Eckler. 158 00:09:41,748 --> 00:09:43,166 A Jewish woman. 159 00:09:46,044 --> 00:09:48,046 [both chuckling] 160 00:09:48,379 --> 00:09:50,632 An unexpected treat. You're early. 161 00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:52,092 I'm a surprise. 162 00:09:52,717 --> 00:09:54,052 That you are. 163 00:09:54,677 --> 00:09:55,887 A handsome one. 164 00:09:59,557 --> 00:10:02,060 Although a member of the dominant class, 165 00:10:02,352 --> 00:10:08,733 August saw in Irma what others like him chose not to see. 166 00:10:11,277 --> 00:10:13,863 Her humanity, her beauty, 167 00:10:15,281 --> 00:10:16,616 her love. 168 00:10:20,495 --> 00:10:21,996 On this day, 169 00:10:23,289 --> 00:10:25,708 he folded his arms 170 00:10:26,167 --> 00:10:31,381 rather than salute a regime that deemed that love illegal. 171 00:10:33,633 --> 00:10:37,053 On this day, he was brave. 172 00:10:39,722 --> 00:10:43,560 He couldn't have been the only one who felt something tragic 173 00:10:44,102 --> 00:10:45,311 was happening. 174 00:10:46,479 --> 00:10:50,275 So why was he the only one among the men 175 00:10:50,316 --> 00:10:53,403 to not go along that day? 176 00:10:53,444 --> 00:10:56,781 Perhaps we can reflect on what it would mean 177 00:10:56,823 --> 00:10:58,908 to be him today. 178 00:11:03,037 --> 00:11:04,747 I'll leave you with that. 179 00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:07,959 Thank you. 180 00:11:08,001 --> 00:11:09,794 [applause] 181 00:11:17,010 --> 00:11:18,303 - Good luck. - Thank you. 182 00:11:18,344 --> 00:11:19,179 Bye. 183 00:11:21,389 --> 00:11:23,016 Let me get this. 184 00:11:23,391 --> 00:11:26,352 [woman speaking at the podium] 185 00:11:26,394 --> 00:11:27,854 - Thank you. - Thank you. 186 00:11:27,896 --> 00:11:29,480 - Water? - I'm fine. Thank you so much. 187 00:11:32,317 --> 00:11:33,776 Thank you. 188 00:11:34,819 --> 00:11:37,113 Isabel, Isabel. Hey! 189 00:11:37,155 --> 00:11:38,573 Amari! 190 00:11:38,907 --> 00:11:40,617 I didn't know you were speaking. 191 00:11:40,658 --> 00:11:41,951 No, no, no, one of my reporters is. 192 00:11:42,202 --> 00:11:43,161 Hey, can you guys give me a minute? 193 00:11:43,203 --> 00:11:43,953 Okay. 194 00:11:43,995 --> 00:11:46,372 You were solid. 195 00:11:46,748 --> 00:11:48,374 - Nice work. - l am a better writer 196 00:11:48,416 --> 00:11:49,667 than I am a speaker. 197 00:11:49,918 --> 00:11:50,877 Yeah, well, you're a better writer 198 00:11:50,919 --> 00:11:52,420 than most people do anything. 199 00:11:52,712 --> 00:11:55,798 So, listen, I was gonna reach out to you on something. 200 00:11:56,216 --> 00:11:59,844 So I'mma take seeing you as a sign. 201 00:11:59,886 --> 00:12:02,680 This... This Trayvon Martin case. 202 00:12:04,515 --> 00:12:06,517 - l know. - Have you heard the tapes? 203 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:08,102 No. Of what? 204 00:12:10,355 --> 00:12:11,856 Not the murder? 205 00:12:12,190 --> 00:12:14,817 911 calls. This killer called 911 206 00:12:14,859 --> 00:12:16,527 before he did it. 207 00:12:16,569 --> 00:12:18,404 And tapes of people that heard the boy screaming out 208 00:12:18,446 --> 00:12:19,364 and called the police. 209 00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:24,702 - Is this public? - No. 210 00:12:24,744 --> 00:12:25,870 But it's being released. 211 00:12:25,912 --> 00:12:27,163 Slowly. 212 00:12:28,206 --> 00:12:30,208 But we got him. 213 00:12:30,792 --> 00:12:33,753 Are you interested in listening, to consider writing something 214 00:12:33,795 --> 00:12:34,545 for us? 215 00:12:38,925 --> 00:12:42,595 Amari, you have a stable of writers. 216 00:12:42,887 --> 00:12:44,180 They don't have Pulitzer Prizes. 217 00:12:45,014 --> 00:12:46,808 Some of them do, actually. 218 00:12:47,100 --> 00:12:50,353 Yeah, well, then they're not as brilliant as you on things 219 00:12:50,395 --> 00:12:51,187 like this. 220 00:12:52,438 --> 00:12:55,191 - You know what I do. - Yeah, and I know what you used 221 00:12:55,233 --> 00:12:56,401 to do. 222 00:12:56,442 --> 00:12:57,819 Some of the best reporting I've ever edited. 223 00:12:57,860 --> 00:12:59,362 I write books now. 224 00:12:59,404 --> 00:13:02,198 So, that one book you wrote took way too damn long. 225 00:13:02,448 --> 00:13:05,660 It was a masterpiece and whatnot, but... 226 00:13:06,160 --> 00:13:09,330 it took too long, Isabel, if you ask me. Writers write. 227 00:13:11,249 --> 00:13:12,709 So write. 228 00:13:17,630 --> 00:13:20,758 I don't do assignments anymore. I... 229 00:13:21,926 --> 00:13:25,263 I wanna be in the story. 230 00:13:25,305 --> 00:13:28,474 Really inside the story. 231 00:13:30,476 --> 00:13:32,770 And, yes, that takes time. 232 00:13:33,688 --> 00:13:34,814 Okay. 233 00:13:35,982 --> 00:13:37,942 Maybe after you hear the tapes. 234 00:13:37,984 --> 00:13:39,485 I'mma send them to you. 235 00:13:39,527 --> 00:13:41,696 - Okay. - Okay. No pressure. 236 00:15:01,401 --> 00:15:04,821 Sanford Police Department. Is there a report of shots? 237 00:15:05,238 --> 00:15:07,740 [man] Hey, we've had some break-ins in my neighborhood. 238 00:15:07,782 --> 00:15:10,493 And there's a real suspicious guy... 239 00:15:12,745 --> 00:15:15,415 This guy looks like he is up to no good, 240 00:15:15,456 --> 00:15:17,250 or he's on drugs or something. 241 00:15:17,291 --> 00:15:18,709 [officer] Okay, he's just walking around the area... 242 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:20,336 [man] Looking at all the houses. 243 00:15:20,378 --> 00:15:23,214 It's raining and he's just walking around, 244 00:15:23,256 --> 00:15:23,881 looking about. 245 00:15:24,173 --> 00:15:25,049 [officer] Okay. 246 00:15:27,468 --> 00:15:29,178 [man] And he's a Black male. 247 00:15:34,392 --> 00:15:36,185 Now he's just staring at me. 248 00:15:38,438 --> 00:15:40,440 [officer] Did you see what he was wearing? 249 00:15:40,481 --> 00:15:43,401 [man] Yeah, a dark hoodie, like, a gray hoodie, 250 00:15:43,443 --> 00:15:47,280 and either jeans or sweatpants, and white tennis shoes. 251 00:15:54,328 --> 00:15:56,038 Shit, he's running. 252 00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:57,874 [officer] He's running? Which way is he running? 253 00:15:58,458 --> 00:16:03,087 [man] Down towards the other entrance to the neighborhood. 254 00:16:03,129 --> 00:16:05,381 These assholes, they always get away. 255 00:16:07,049 --> 00:16:08,718 [officer] Are you following him? 256 00:16:09,010 --> 00:16:10,720 - Yeah. - Okay, we don't need you 257 00:16:11,012 --> 00:16:11,929 to do that. 258 00:16:12,180 --> 00:16:13,222 Okay? 259 00:16:18,102 --> 00:16:20,480 All right, sir, what is your name? 260 00:16:20,521 --> 00:16:21,731 George. 261 00:16:21,981 --> 00:16:22,940 He ran. 262 00:16:24,692 --> 00:16:26,527 [officer] All right, George, what's your last name? 263 00:16:27,361 --> 00:16:28,613 Zimmerman. 264 00:16:30,031 --> 00:16:32,116 [officer 2] 911. Do you need police, fire or medical? 265 00:16:32,366 --> 00:16:34,410 [woman] Maybe both, I'm not sure. There's just someone 266 00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:36,287 screaming outside. 267 00:16:36,329 --> 00:16:37,955 [screaming] 268 00:16:37,997 --> 00:16:39,248 [officer 2] Okay, what's the address that they're near? 269 00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:41,417 [woman] 1211 Twin Trees Lane. 270 00:16:41,459 --> 00:16:43,628 [officer 2] And is it a male or female? 271 00:16:43,669 --> 00:16:46,839 - It sounds like a male. - And you don't know why? 272 00:16:46,881 --> 00:16:49,008 I don't know why. I think they're yelling "help," 273 00:16:49,258 --> 00:16:50,009 but I don't know. 274 00:16:50,927 --> 00:16:53,387 [screaming] 275 00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:55,973 [officer 2] So you think he's yelling "help"? 276 00:16:56,224 --> 00:16:57,433 [woman] Yes. 277 00:16:57,683 --> 00:16:59,310 I can't see him. I don't want to go out there, 278 00:16:59,352 --> 00:17:00,895 I don't know what's going on, So... 279 00:17:03,189 --> 00:17:05,024 Just... There's gunshots. 280 00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:08,444 - You just heard gunshots? - Yes. 281 00:17:08,736 --> 00:17:10,905 - How many? - Just one. 282 00:17:15,326 --> 00:17:18,162 [officer 2] Is he right outside 1211 Twin Trees Lane? 283 00:17:18,204 --> 00:17:20,706 [woman] Yeah, pretty much. Out the back, yes. 284 00:18:04,125 --> 00:18:06,794 - Good to see you. - Thank you. You too. 285 00:18:09,547 --> 00:18:10,673 - Hey. - Hi! 286 00:18:10,715 --> 00:18:12,425 Looking gorgeous. 287 00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:13,551 - Oh, Brett. How are you? - Hi. Yes. 288 00:18:13,593 --> 00:18:14,677 - How are you? 289 00:18:14,719 --> 00:18:16,012 - Great to see you. - And you. 290 00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:18,180 He's wearing the tux very well. 291 00:18:18,222 --> 00:18:19,557 Very well. 292 00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:21,225 - He can hear you. - [Brett] Well, he can. 293 00:18:21,267 --> 00:18:22,893 But he's grateful, thank you. 294 00:18:22,935 --> 00:18:24,270 - Hi. - Hello. 295 00:18:24,604 --> 00:18:28,733 Amari Selvan asked me twice if you were coming. 296 00:18:28,774 --> 00:18:30,860 He wants something for the paper. 297 00:18:30,901 --> 00:18:32,528 He's made that very clear. 298 00:18:32,820 --> 00:18:35,448 You interested? We can time it with the audio book. 299 00:18:35,489 --> 00:18:37,867 [indistinct talking] 300 00:18:42,622 --> 00:18:43,914 Did you listen? 301 00:18:46,792 --> 00:18:49,754 Yeah. Yeah. 302 00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:51,631 It's a lot. 303 00:18:51,672 --> 00:18:53,424 - Yeah. - It's a lot. 304 00:18:53,466 --> 00:18:54,884 It's a lot there. 305 00:18:54,925 --> 00:18:57,261 But longer-form stuff, questions that I don't have 306 00:18:57,303 --> 00:18:58,137 the answer to. 307 00:18:58,179 --> 00:18:59,388 So ask them in a piece. 308 00:18:59,430 --> 00:19:02,141 I don't write questions. I write answers. 309 00:19:04,185 --> 00:19:06,103 Questions like what? 310 00:19:06,145 --> 00:19:09,607 Like why does a Latino man deputize himself 311 00:19:09,649 --> 00:19:13,694 to stalk a Black boy to protect an all-white community? 312 00:19:14,195 --> 00:19:15,905 - What is that? - The racist bias I want you 313 00:19:16,197 --> 00:19:16,989 to explore, 314 00:19:17,031 --> 00:19:18,240 excavate for the readers. 315 00:19:18,699 --> 00:19:22,036 We call everything "racism." What does it even mean anymore? 316 00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:25,247 It's the default. When did that happen? 317 00:19:25,289 --> 00:19:27,083 - Hey, Brett. - How are you doing? 318 00:19:27,124 --> 00:19:29,001 So, what? So you're saying 319 00:19:29,043 --> 00:19:30,419 that he isn't a racist? 320 00:19:30,461 --> 00:19:31,587 No, I'm not saying that he's not a racist. 321 00:19:31,837 --> 00:19:35,091 I'm questioning, why is everything racist? 322 00:19:35,341 --> 00:19:38,177 - This feels like a setup. - I've been there. 323 00:19:44,517 --> 00:19:45,810 [Isabel] Okay. 324 00:19:45,851 --> 00:19:48,187 - Home ownership. - [Amari] Okay. 325 00:19:48,229 --> 00:19:50,523 Covenants were written into land deeds 326 00:19:50,564 --> 00:19:52,817 barring Black people from having wills. 327 00:19:52,858 --> 00:19:54,777 No generational wealth allowed. 328 00:19:54,819 --> 00:19:57,196 We could not pass on what we earned 329 00:19:57,238 --> 00:19:59,824 to our kids for almost 500 years. 330 00:19:59,865 --> 00:20:01,867 Every time, we'd have to start from zero. 331 00:20:02,243 --> 00:20:06,122 So, if we are not allowed to pass on the fruits 332 00:20:06,163 --> 00:20:08,207 of our labor to our family, 333 00:20:08,249 --> 00:20:11,335 is that the same racism that took Trayvon's life? 334 00:20:12,545 --> 00:20:14,922 Systemic racism. Yes, same. 335 00:20:15,715 --> 00:20:16,882 Are you sure? 336 00:20:17,758 --> 00:20:19,927 Are you sure? 337 00:20:19,969 --> 00:20:21,345 What does it mean? 338 00:20:21,721 --> 00:20:23,305 Murders of Black people by the police, 339 00:20:23,347 --> 00:20:25,057 we call that racism. 340 00:20:25,391 --> 00:20:27,393 - Everything's the same. - l get it. 341 00:20:27,435 --> 00:20:28,853 Being followed in a department store 342 00:20:28,894 --> 00:20:30,354 and being lynched 343 00:20:30,396 --> 00:20:31,814 shouldn't be called the same thing, I get that. 344 00:20:32,106 --> 00:20:37,903 Racism as the primary language to understand everything 345 00:20:39,071 --> 00:20:40,364 is insufficient. 346 00:20:40,406 --> 00:20:42,032 - [Amari] See, this is good. - That's all. 347 00:20:42,074 --> 00:20:43,701 This is good. 348 00:20:43,743 --> 00:20:46,704 Look, I need a piece delving into what the Martin case means. 349 00:20:46,746 --> 00:20:48,706 Set the context with these questions, 350 00:20:48,748 --> 00:20:49,999 it's what you do best. 351 00:20:50,291 --> 00:20:53,002 Make the hard stuff digestible. And this is a hard one. 352 00:20:53,252 --> 00:20:55,463 "What does it all mean?” 353 00:20:55,838 --> 00:20:58,174 These questions are the piece. 354 00:20:58,549 --> 00:21:00,885 I'll make it splashy, prime placement, Sunday. 355 00:21:00,926 --> 00:21:02,094 - Maybe even the cover. - You're terrible. 356 00:21:02,136 --> 00:21:03,262 You're terrible, Amari. 357 00:21:03,304 --> 00:21:05,598 I'm just saying. Your face on the cover? 358 00:21:10,227 --> 00:21:12,897 There's a lot there. There's a lot there. 359 00:21:12,938 --> 00:21:14,899 But I am on hiatus. 360 00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:16,859 - Isabel, come on. Come on. - lam. I am. 361 00:21:16,901 --> 00:21:19,612 I... I have family responsibilities. 362 00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:24,450 Well... 363 00:21:24,825 --> 00:21:28,037 [Amari] Well, good for you for taking time. 364 00:21:28,078 --> 00:21:29,705 - We'll talk again. - All right. 365 00:21:29,747 --> 00:21:31,540 Hey, you two take care, all right? 366 00:21:31,791 --> 00:21:33,167 Good to see you. All right. 367 00:21:35,586 --> 00:21:39,048 - [Isabel indistinct] - Okay. 368 00:21:39,089 --> 00:21:40,549 [laughing] 369 00:21:40,841 --> 00:21:41,759 [man on TV] President Reagan taking an office... 370 00:21:41,801 --> 00:21:43,385 - [contestant] I don't... - She's wrong. 371 00:21:43,427 --> 00:21:45,221 She just said it is the only movie she knows. 372 00:21:45,513 --> 00:21:46,555 [TV continues] 373 00:21:46,597 --> 00:21:48,307 She deserves to lose that money. 374 00:21:50,267 --> 00:21:51,727 ...speak to an issue that obviously has gotten a lot 375 00:21:51,769 --> 00:21:52,978 of attention 376 00:21:53,229 --> 00:21:54,271 over the course of the last week, 377 00:21:54,647 --> 00:21:57,399 the issue of the Trayvon Martin ruling. 378 00:21:57,650 --> 00:21:59,151 I gave a preliminary statement... 379 00:21:59,193 --> 00:22:00,653 That poor child's mother. 380 00:22:00,694 --> 00:22:02,029 ...right after the ruling on Sunday. 381 00:22:02,071 --> 00:22:04,698 I wish he'd answered the man right. 382 00:22:06,242 --> 00:22:07,743 What was that, Mama? 383 00:22:07,785 --> 00:22:10,788 I wish he had answered the man 384 00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:13,415 when he asked him why he was there 385 00:22:13,457 --> 00:22:14,583 in the neighborhood. 386 00:22:14,625 --> 00:22:17,169 Maybe he'd still be with us. 387 00:22:17,545 --> 00:22:19,964 Are you saying it's the boy's fault? 388 00:22:20,005 --> 00:22:23,008 No, of course not, don't be silly. 389 00:22:23,050 --> 00:22:27,972 I'm saying you got to act in a way to keep you safe. 390 00:22:29,265 --> 00:22:30,516 He was... 391 00:22:32,059 --> 00:22:33,644 He was too young to know it. 392 00:22:33,686 --> 00:22:36,564 He shouldn't have had to answer to anyone. 393 00:22:37,022 --> 00:22:39,817 "Should have" and real life are two different things, 394 00:22:39,859 --> 00:22:42,486 darling, you know that. 395 00:22:42,987 --> 00:22:46,490 You can't be walking around at night on a white street 396 00:22:46,532 --> 00:22:48,492 and not expect trouble. 397 00:22:48,826 --> 00:22:52,496 That's intimidating to most whites. 398 00:22:52,538 --> 00:22:53,497 True or not? 399 00:23:01,547 --> 00:23:02,882 Yeah. 400 00:23:03,257 --> 00:23:05,968 Yeah. Unfortunately, I think it is true. 401 00:23:07,595 --> 00:23:09,513 But I also think that you can't live your life 402 00:23:09,555 --> 00:23:12,141 based on what's intimidating to people. 403 00:23:17,438 --> 00:23:19,189 Sure you can, sweetie. 404 00:23:29,158 --> 00:23:31,368 [Brett] So you're going on hiatus, huh, 405 00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:33,537 - is what you're doing? - Huh? 406 00:23:33,829 --> 00:23:35,372 You told Amari you were going on hiatus, 407 00:23:35,414 --> 00:23:38,167 you told me that you were gonna be traveling less 408 00:23:38,208 --> 00:23:39,710 for work. 409 00:23:39,752 --> 00:23:41,253 So I'm just trying to figure out what exactly it is 410 00:23:41,295 --> 00:23:42,212 that you're gonna do. 411 00:23:42,254 --> 00:23:43,505 ‘Cause... 412 00:23:43,797 --> 00:23:45,799 I said I wanted to focus on her. 413 00:23:47,009 --> 00:23:48,552 Okay. 414 00:23:49,053 --> 00:23:53,390 People are asking you to write because of your voice, 415 00:23:53,432 --> 00:23:55,851 because they... the way you think. 416 00:23:55,893 --> 00:23:57,853 I just... I don't know what you're doing. 417 00:23:57,895 --> 00:23:59,188 She... 418 00:23:59,229 --> 00:24:00,856 She doesn't belong in that place. 419 00:24:00,898 --> 00:24:01,899 Oh, right. 420 00:24:02,149 --> 00:24:03,776 She should be at home. 421 00:24:04,109 --> 00:24:07,279 She moved because she was lonely. 422 00:24:07,321 --> 00:24:09,782 I should've spent more time with her. 423 00:24:10,115 --> 00:24:11,951 Daddy would want me to fix this. 424 00:24:11,992 --> 00:24:13,577 Hmm. 425 00:24:13,953 --> 00:24:15,913 I think your father was pretty clear 426 00:24:15,955 --> 00:24:17,873 that what he wanted was for you to be happy, 427 00:24:17,915 --> 00:24:19,833 people to be happy. 428 00:24:20,334 --> 00:24:23,712 Sacrificing your work, well, that's gonna accomplish exactly 429 00:24:23,754 --> 00:24:25,172 the opposite, so... 430 00:24:25,673 --> 00:24:27,925 Your mother was very clear about what she wanted. 431 00:24:27,967 --> 00:24:29,593 It's not that, so... 432 00:25:23,022 --> 00:25:26,025 - [man] I don't see it, Betty. - Maybe it's checked out. 433 00:25:27,860 --> 00:25:29,361 [Isabel narrating] In 1933, 434 00:25:29,403 --> 00:25:32,698 two African-American anthropologists 435 00:25:32,740 --> 00:25:34,950 were studying in Berlin. 436 00:25:35,451 --> 00:25:36,702 There are no books here at all by him. 437 00:25:36,744 --> 00:25:40,080 At the premier library in the city. 438 00:25:40,372 --> 00:25:41,540 The country. 439 00:25:43,709 --> 00:25:46,128 Beautiful library, though. 440 00:25:46,587 --> 00:25:48,922 I could get lost in all these books forever. 441 00:25:50,007 --> 00:25:51,675 All these ideas. 442 00:25:57,848 --> 00:25:58,932 Your library card. 443 00:26:00,893 --> 00:26:02,811 Good afternoon. Of course. 444 00:26:04,605 --> 00:26:06,065 And your passports. 445 00:26:18,911 --> 00:26:23,999 Can you tell us when Erich Maria Remarque's 'All Quiet on the Western Front' is due back? 446 00:26:51,777 --> 00:26:56,198 They witnessed events that would change the world. 447 00:27:07,417 --> 00:27:08,418 Baby. 448 00:27:14,299 --> 00:27:15,634 Brett. 449 00:27:33,318 --> 00:27:35,654 [no audible dialogue] 450 00:27:58,719 --> 00:28:03,640 [priest] By trade, Brett Hamilton was a mathematician, 451 00:28:03,682 --> 00:28:06,768 a financial analyst. 452 00:28:06,810 --> 00:28:11,440 By heart, he was a passionate champion 453 00:28:11,481 --> 00:28:13,066 for those he loved deeply. 454 00:28:14,526 --> 00:28:16,528 He played classical guitar, 455 00:28:16,945 --> 00:28:19,156 was an enthusiastic cook, 456 00:28:19,448 --> 00:28:21,033 and volunteered his time and efforts 457 00:28:21,074 --> 00:28:23,660 to those less fortunate. 458 00:28:23,702 --> 00:28:26,997 In college, he joined Phi Kappa Tau, 459 00:28:27,039 --> 00:28:28,290 Delta Chapter, 460 00:28:28,582 --> 00:28:30,417 and, with his friends, enjoyed caving trips, 461 00:28:31,752 --> 00:28:33,503 watching thunderstorms, 462 00:28:34,796 --> 00:28:36,757 and debating the big stuff. 463 00:28:37,925 --> 00:28:40,385 Recently, he traveled extensively in Europe, 464 00:28:40,677 --> 00:28:45,098 accompanying his beloved in her professional activities 465 00:28:45,515 --> 00:28:46,892 in the cause of social justice. 466 00:28:46,934 --> 00:28:50,229 I'm Mrs. Copeland from across the street. 467 00:28:50,270 --> 00:28:51,730 How is Isabel? 468 00:28:52,105 --> 00:28:54,816 She's resting right now. 469 00:28:57,527 --> 00:28:58,987 I can't believe it. 470 00:29:00,906 --> 00:29:04,868 [Marion] Thank you so much for coming by. 471 00:29:05,118 --> 00:29:06,787 [Mrs. Copeland] Give her my love, please. 472 00:30:01,717 --> 00:30:03,969 Isabel Wilkerson's office. 473 00:30:04,219 --> 00:30:05,971 [woman] Hello, hi. 474 00:30:06,346 --> 00:30:09,933 This is Kate. I'm Isabel's editor. 475 00:30:10,350 --> 00:30:12,811 Yeah, I know who you are. Hi, Kate. 476 00:30:12,853 --> 00:30:14,938 This is her cousin Marion. 477 00:30:14,980 --> 00:30:16,690 Marion. Marion, hi. 478 00:30:18,275 --> 00:30:21,278 My condolences for your family's losses. 479 00:30:22,738 --> 00:30:25,949 I don't have the words. 480 00:30:26,199 --> 00:30:28,118 It's unfathomable, it's unthinkable. 481 00:30:31,121 --> 00:30:34,082 I just, I can't... 482 00:30:34,374 --> 00:30:38,420 Two of the closest people to you in a year, 483 00:30:38,462 --> 00:30:39,504 who can withstand it? 484 00:30:39,546 --> 00:30:40,630 How is she? 485 00:31:11,036 --> 00:31:15,082 Hold me. Don't leave me. 486 00:31:16,583 --> 00:31:18,960 I am right here. 487 00:31:20,003 --> 00:31:21,755 I am right here. 488 00:31:23,215 --> 00:31:27,761 Stay. Stay. 489 00:31:28,053 --> 00:31:30,097 I am right here. 490 00:31:30,347 --> 00:31:32,933 Stay. Stay. Stay. 491 00:33:25,670 --> 00:33:26,963 [Marion] Hey. 492 00:33:27,214 --> 00:33:30,217 - You made it in okay? - Yeah, I'm here. 493 00:33:31,676 --> 00:33:32,969 How are you? 494 00:33:33,011 --> 00:33:34,888 Tell me how you're feeling. 495 00:33:35,180 --> 00:33:37,349 How does it feel to be back there 496 00:33:37,390 --> 00:33:38,600 with all of her things? 497 00:33:38,642 --> 00:33:40,644 I'm here, Marion. That's all I am. 498 00:33:44,689 --> 00:33:46,650 - You know what? I gotta go. - Right. 499 00:33:49,152 --> 00:33:50,987 I've gotta get this house packed. 500 00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:54,699 I could come down this weekend and help you. 501 00:33:54,741 --> 00:33:56,117 We could take it slow. 502 00:33:56,368 --> 00:33:58,828 I've gotta get these things packed up so I can start 503 00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:59,913 back work. 504 00:34:00,205 --> 00:34:01,498 Wait, you're starting back to work? 505 00:34:02,541 --> 00:34:04,042 Of course. 506 00:34:04,459 --> 00:34:06,753 What am I supposed to do? How am I supposed to live? 507 00:34:07,212 --> 00:34:08,838 Okay. 508 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,508 What is the work you have to do and when do you need to start? 509 00:34:11,550 --> 00:34:14,052 Marion, I have to go. I'm already behind. 510 00:34:15,053 --> 00:34:16,930 I'll talk to you later, okay? Bye. 511 00:34:17,889 --> 00:34:19,349 Okay. 512 00:34:19,724 --> 00:34:22,519 The HVAC guy got the sump pump working 513 00:34:22,769 --> 00:34:25,021 and got most of the water out. 514 00:34:25,063 --> 00:34:27,232 This has never happened before. 515 00:34:27,607 --> 00:34:30,318 I'm never down here. My husband was always the one 516 00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:31,403 down here, 517 00:34:31,695 --> 00:34:33,238 changing the filter in the furnace 518 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,657 or checking the fuse box. 519 00:34:35,699 --> 00:34:39,536 But he died last year, so... 520 00:34:39,578 --> 00:34:40,745 [man] Uh-huh. 521 00:34:49,754 --> 00:34:52,549 There's where the water's coming in. 522 00:34:52,841 --> 00:34:54,301 Where? 523 00:34:54,551 --> 00:34:55,844 The sink. 524 00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:03,351 The sink doesn't overflow. 525 00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:09,065 I mean, is it a pipe that's clogged, or... 526 00:35:09,107 --> 00:35:11,735 Probably the pump needs clearing out. 527 00:35:11,776 --> 00:35:13,028 I'll write an estimate. 528 00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:42,432 My mother died a few months ago. 529 00:35:47,437 --> 00:35:48,980 What about you? 530 00:35:51,232 --> 00:35:53,109 Is your mother still alive? 531 00:35:57,739 --> 00:35:59,949 No. No, she's not. 532 00:35:59,991 --> 00:36:02,619 Died in 1991, 52 years old. 533 00:36:05,038 --> 00:36:06,247 Goodness. 534 00:36:09,959 --> 00:36:13,505 That's not old... at all. 535 00:36:14,798 --> 00:36:16,132 It sure ain't. 536 00:36:17,884 --> 00:36:19,094 Your father? 537 00:36:25,016 --> 00:36:26,184 He's 78. 538 00:36:29,145 --> 00:36:30,605 You're lucky to have him. 539 00:36:32,691 --> 00:36:34,275 He's mean as they come. 540 00:36:41,324 --> 00:36:43,785 Well... 541 00:36:43,827 --> 00:36:45,453 I guess, in the end, we miss them 542 00:36:45,495 --> 00:36:46,996 no matter what they were like. 543 00:36:47,038 --> 00:36:48,832 No, not him. 544 00:36:59,592 --> 00:37:00,802 You know what? 545 00:37:06,433 --> 00:37:08,685 - You see something? - Well, maybe. 546 00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:57,400 - [Isabel] I have an idea. - You do? 547 00:37:57,442 --> 00:38:00,111 Thought that might be why you came. 548 00:38:01,780 --> 00:38:03,364 Tell us. Is it... 549 00:38:03,406 --> 00:38:05,575 Well, I... 550 00:38:06,034 --> 00:38:09,245 didn't explore the Trayvon Martin case. 551 00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:12,916 I know it's been a while, but I think there's a lot 552 00:38:12,957 --> 00:38:14,125 to unpack. 553 00:38:14,167 --> 00:38:17,045 I've been thinking about my mother 554 00:38:17,086 --> 00:38:18,588 and how she insisted 555 00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:21,174 we be polite and buttoned-up around white people. 556 00:38:26,262 --> 00:38:29,432 And there's all this Nazi symbolism 557 00:38:30,975 --> 00:38:32,227 all over the place. 558 00:38:32,268 --> 00:38:33,728 You heard about what happened in... 559 00:38:34,020 --> 00:38:35,271 in Charlottesville. 560 00:38:35,313 --> 00:38:36,981 - Yes. Neo-Nazis. - Yeah. 561 00:38:37,023 --> 00:38:41,319 Drove his car through a crowd at a protest for Black Lives. 562 00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:44,030 Killed a white woman. 563 00:38:44,948 --> 00:38:46,241 Heather Heyer. 564 00:38:46,533 --> 00:38:50,203 All these idiots walking around with tiki torches, 565 00:38:50,662 --> 00:38:55,583 invoking imagery from the KKK and Nazi Germany to stoke fear. 566 00:38:56,876 --> 00:38:58,753 There's this terrific Indian scholar. 567 00:38:58,795 --> 00:39:02,715 I've been wanting to read his work, but I haven't. 568 00:39:04,843 --> 00:39:06,928 He's a Dalit professor, and he won a... 569 00:39:06,970 --> 00:39:10,265 - Sorry, a "Dalit" professor? - He's a Dalit 570 00:39:10,306 --> 00:39:11,516 and a professor. 571 00:39:11,558 --> 00:39:13,518 The Dalits are untouchables in India, 572 00:39:13,560 --> 00:39:15,144 beneath the lowest caste. 573 00:39:15,186 --> 00:39:16,688 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 574 00:39:16,729 --> 00:39:18,606 - Have you ever heard of them? - No. 575 00:39:18,648 --> 00:39:20,316 No. Me either. Why? 576 00:39:20,608 --> 00:39:22,694 There's connective tissue here. 577 00:39:22,735 --> 00:39:24,153 There's connective tissue there. 578 00:39:24,195 --> 00:39:25,780 There is connective tissue here. 579 00:39:25,822 --> 00:39:28,616 l... I could... I could... I could... 580 00:39:29,075 --> 00:39:33,204 I could build a thesis that shows how all of this, 581 00:39:33,246 --> 00:39:34,497 all of it, 582 00:39:34,789 --> 00:39:35,915 is linked. 583 00:39:38,334 --> 00:39:39,335 Well... 584 00:39:43,131 --> 00:39:44,465 Well, that's the writer's journey, 585 00:39:44,716 --> 00:39:45,508 right? 586 00:39:46,843 --> 00:39:48,803 Sorting all of that out. 587 00:39:49,262 --> 00:39:51,848 There's a lot going on in that big brain of yours. 588 00:39:51,890 --> 00:39:53,850 I love that. 589 00:39:53,892 --> 00:39:55,226 I love it. 590 00:39:55,268 --> 00:39:57,687 But I gotta be honest with you, I don't understand 591 00:39:57,729 --> 00:40:01,858 how the woman that they killed, by the neo-Nazis... 592 00:40:01,900 --> 00:40:03,192 Heather Heyer. 593 00:40:03,234 --> 00:40:06,237 ...how that connects to the Dalit professor, 594 00:40:06,613 --> 00:40:08,031 connects to Trayvon Martin, 595 00:40:08,072 --> 00:40:09,782 connects to your mom. 596 00:40:10,033 --> 00:40:11,159 I don't see it. 597 00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,702 Yet. I don't see that yet. 598 00:40:12,744 --> 00:40:15,371 But if you can make people see it, 599 00:40:15,413 --> 00:40:17,582 then that is an incredible book. 600 00:40:42,774 --> 00:40:45,735 I love you. Please be safe, okay? 601 00:40:45,777 --> 00:40:46,778 Okay. 602 00:41:23,147 --> 00:41:28,069 [no audible dialogue] 603 00:42:04,105 --> 00:42:05,773 - Hello, excuse me. - Hi. 604 00:42:05,815 --> 00:42:07,650 This is the book you ordered. 605 00:42:07,692 --> 00:42:10,069 - Oh, yes, yes. Please sit down. - And the list we talked about. 606 00:42:12,989 --> 00:42:15,491 This is a list from 1935, October, 607 00:42:15,533 --> 00:42:18,870 a little bit later than the first list. 608 00:42:18,911 --> 00:42:19,996 Yes. 609 00:42:20,038 --> 00:42:21,664 And here, Remarque, Erich Maria. 610 00:42:21,706 --> 00:42:25,710 That means everything he wrote is "to destroyed." Blown. 611 00:42:25,752 --> 00:42:27,628 - "To be destroyed.” - Yes. 612 00:42:49,108 --> 00:42:50,359 [man] Excuse me. 613 00:42:50,401 --> 00:42:52,945 I heard you inquire about Remarque. 614 00:42:55,073 --> 00:42:57,366 But I couldn't hear the librarian's answer. 615 00:42:58,284 --> 00:43:00,244 I'm Kastner. 616 00:43:00,286 --> 00:43:01,454 I'm from here. 617 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:04,582 How long have you been in Berlin? 618 00:43:06,042 --> 00:43:07,752 About five weeks. 619 00:43:10,254 --> 00:43:12,381 You've no idea what's happening. 620 00:43:12,423 --> 00:43:15,301 - Pardon me? - I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. 621 00:43:15,635 --> 00:43:17,929 You have no idea what's happening here. 622 00:43:19,722 --> 00:43:21,724 Everything is being torn apart. 623 00:43:28,815 --> 00:43:30,233 [shouting] 624 00:43:44,872 --> 00:43:51,629 The period of exaggerated Jewish intellectualism 625 00:43:51,754 --> 00:43:55,299 is now at an end! 626 00:43:59,679 --> 00:44:02,014 The German soul... 627 00:44:02,140 --> 00:44:04,851 ...can express itself again! 628 00:44:06,769 --> 00:44:09,355 No to decadence... 629 00:44:13,192 --> 00:44:16,112 ...and moral corruption! 630 00:44:21,117 --> 00:44:26,205 Yes to decency and morality 631 00:44:26,330 --> 00:44:29,167 in family and state! 632 00:44:33,129 --> 00:44:36,132 [woman] In Germany, there's memorials to nearly everyone 633 00:44:36,174 --> 00:44:39,468 victimized by the Nazis. 634 00:44:39,510 --> 00:44:42,138 And there's no entry sign, no gate. 635 00:44:42,471 --> 00:44:44,557 It's just open both day and night. 636 00:44:44,599 --> 00:44:45,391 Yes, yes. 637 00:44:53,482 --> 00:44:55,568 [woman] Just standing to bear witness. 638 00:45:04,911 --> 00:45:06,996 20,000 books that were lost that night. 639 00:45:07,246 --> 00:45:08,623 [crowd shouting] 640 00:45:11,209 --> 00:45:14,879 Books filled with imagination and ideas, 641 00:45:14,921 --> 00:45:16,088 and history. 642 00:45:26,849 --> 00:45:28,684 [Kastner] Leave here, my friends. 643 00:45:30,353 --> 00:45:31,979 Leave Germany. 644 00:45:32,355 --> 00:45:34,357 Go to your home as soon as you can, 645 00:45:34,607 --> 00:45:35,900 you'll be safer there. 646 00:45:41,197 --> 00:45:43,282 [shouting continues] 647 00:45:45,952 --> 00:45:49,872 I deliver to the flames the works of... 648 00:45:50,873 --> 00:45:52,124 Sigmund Freud, 649 00:45:53,709 --> 00:45:55,127 Heinrich Mann, 650 00:45:56,420 --> 00:45:57,880 Ernst Glaser, 651 00:45:58,881 --> 00:46:00,883 Erich Maria Remarque, 652 00:46:02,260 --> 00:46:03,636 Karl Renner, 653 00:46:05,221 --> 00:46:06,681 Erich Kastner. 654 00:46:09,809 --> 00:46:12,895 [woman] "Where you burn books, you end up burning men." 655 00:46:12,937 --> 00:46:15,064 It's a quote by Heinrich Heine. 656 00:46:15,481 --> 00:46:18,359 He was a poet. German and Jewish. 657 00:46:25,408 --> 00:46:27,034 [speaking German] 658 00:46:28,577 --> 00:46:30,079 [speaking German] 659 00:46:30,121 --> 00:46:32,748 No. You are not changing the subject anymore. 660 00:46:32,790 --> 00:46:33,916 Oh, yeah. 661 00:46:33,958 --> 00:46:35,126 Okay. 662 00:46:35,167 --> 00:46:36,544 - Guns, Christmas. - Yes. 663 00:46:36,585 --> 00:46:37,628 And then? 664 00:46:37,920 --> 00:46:40,381 - [indistinct] Sweetheart? - No, I still have 665 00:46:40,423 --> 00:46:41,757 a couple sips left. 666 00:46:42,842 --> 00:46:45,094 You're basically in danger when you're visiting 667 00:46:45,136 --> 00:46:46,095 your family. - Yeah. 668 00:46:46,137 --> 00:46:47,888 Always. - It's the American way. 669 00:46:47,930 --> 00:46:51,600 I mean, we know. We know. It's ridiculous. 670 00:46:52,393 --> 00:46:55,271 That is what I'm looking at with the article. 671 00:46:55,646 --> 00:47:00,151 You have 900 shootings a week, it seems, in America, 672 00:47:00,192 --> 00:47:02,236 and you keep giving people guns. 673 00:47:02,278 --> 00:47:04,113 I don't understand at all. 674 00:47:04,155 --> 00:47:05,614 We don't even understand it ourselves. 675 00:47:05,656 --> 00:47:07,116 We don't understand. 676 00:47:07,158 --> 00:47:08,826 You know, 677 00:47:08,868 --> 00:47:12,955 I heard, here, that displaying the swastika 678 00:47:12,997 --> 00:47:14,915 is a crime. 679 00:47:14,957 --> 00:47:16,584 - Mm-hmm. - Three years in prison? 680 00:47:16,625 --> 00:47:17,877 Yes, yes, that's true. 681 00:47:17,918 --> 00:47:19,378 I mean, it's not tolerated. 682 00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:21,047 Well, in America... 683 00:47:22,673 --> 00:47:25,885 the Confederate flag, which is like your swastika, 684 00:47:25,926 --> 00:47:28,554 the flag of murderers and traitors, 685 00:47:28,971 --> 00:47:31,432 it is a part of the official flag 686 00:47:31,474 --> 00:47:32,558 of one of our states, 687 00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:34,268 - No. - Mississippi. 688 00:47:34,602 --> 00:47:38,564 Men who wanted to wage war for the right to own 689 00:47:38,606 --> 00:47:40,316 other human beings. 690 00:47:40,358 --> 00:47:43,611 Statues of them sprinkled all over the country 691 00:47:43,652 --> 00:47:45,071 right now. 692 00:47:45,112 --> 00:47:46,155 Madness. 693 00:47:47,531 --> 00:47:48,616 You know, it's not perfect, 694 00:47:48,657 --> 00:47:52,828 but Germany has no monuments that celebrate Nazis. 695 00:47:52,870 --> 00:47:54,455 I mean, everything Hitler's gone, 696 00:47:54,497 --> 00:47:56,707 paved right over it all, and built new things. 697 00:47:56,749 --> 00:47:59,543 I mean, you can literally walk right over Nazi places 698 00:47:59,585 --> 00:48:01,462 and never know they were even there. 699 00:48:01,504 --> 00:48:03,214 - [man] And the bunker. - Yes, the bunker. 700 00:48:03,255 --> 00:48:04,757 - It's long gone. - It like nothing. 701 00:48:04,799 --> 00:48:06,092 - Yeah. - l mean, it was 30 feet 702 00:48:06,133 --> 00:48:07,009 underground, 703 00:48:07,051 --> 00:48:09,303 and was protected with reinforced concrete. 704 00:48:09,345 --> 00:48:10,554 And now it has, like, a Volkswagen 705 00:48:10,596 --> 00:48:11,972 or something parked on top of it 706 00:48:12,014 --> 00:48:13,849 at any given time of the day. 707 00:48:14,183 --> 00:48:15,851 It is very different than the States. 708 00:48:15,893 --> 00:48:17,478 A very different approach. 709 00:48:17,520 --> 00:48:19,730 Well, there are so many differences between here 710 00:48:19,772 --> 00:48:20,815 and there. 711 00:48:20,856 --> 00:48:23,442 We are talking about the systematic murder 712 00:48:23,484 --> 00:48:25,027 of six million Jews, 713 00:48:25,069 --> 00:48:26,654 that's the official number. 714 00:48:26,695 --> 00:48:30,699 So it's just very different than monuments to soldiers 715 00:48:30,741 --> 00:48:32,243 and whatnot. 716 00:48:32,284 --> 00:48:33,494 0And what? What are you saying is different? 717 00:48:33,536 --> 00:48:36,330 All of it. We're talking about deliberate extermination 718 00:48:36,372 --> 00:48:37,456 over many years. 719 00:48:37,498 --> 00:48:40,376 Yeah, but wasn't slavery for, like, hundreds of years? 720 00:48:40,418 --> 00:48:41,502 Right, Isabel? 721 00:48:41,752 --> 00:48:44,839 Slavery lasted 246 years. 722 00:48:45,214 --> 00:48:48,843 That's 13 generations of people. 723 00:48:48,884 --> 00:48:51,220 Plus another 100 years of Jim Crow, 724 00:48:51,262 --> 00:48:53,514 segregation, violence and murder. 725 00:48:53,556 --> 00:48:57,059 It is, of course, horrific. I am not downplaying any of it. 726 00:48:57,101 --> 00:49:00,938 There were so many millions of African Americans 727 00:49:00,980 --> 00:49:03,315 who were murdered. 728 00:49:05,151 --> 00:49:07,153 From the Middle Passage until the end 729 00:49:07,194 --> 00:49:08,529 of legal segregation, 730 00:49:08,571 --> 00:49:13,159 that it goes beyond the realm of an official number. 731 00:49:16,996 --> 00:49:20,291 - There is no number. - [man] I didn't know that. 732 00:49:20,332 --> 00:49:22,585 - No. It's stunning. - [woman] It is. 733 00:49:22,626 --> 00:49:26,881 And I understand you're trying to make sense 734 00:49:26,922 --> 00:49:28,340 of American racism. 735 00:49:28,382 --> 00:49:29,467 It is noble. 736 00:49:29,758 --> 00:49:32,470 But your thesis linking caste in Germany 737 00:49:32,511 --> 00:49:35,055 with the United States is flawed. 738 00:49:42,062 --> 00:49:44,231 Maybe it's not exactly the same, 739 00:49:44,273 --> 00:49:46,525 but the thesis of structural similarity 740 00:49:46,567 --> 00:49:49,487 certainly gives context for a framework. 741 00:49:49,528 --> 00:49:52,281 Right, but a framework is not a book, my friends. 742 00:49:52,323 --> 00:49:56,410 She is trying to connect the United States to Germany, 743 00:49:56,452 --> 00:49:57,786 but it doesn't fit. 744 00:49:57,828 --> 00:50:01,081 It's as if you're trying to "fit a square 745 00:50:01,123 --> 00:50:02,541 inside the circle," as they say. 746 00:50:05,127 --> 00:50:07,588 I would just like you to note for yourself 747 00:50:08,047 --> 00:50:12,051 that American slavery is rooted in subjugation, 748 00:50:12,343 --> 00:50:16,222 dominating Blacks for the purposes of capitalism, 749 00:50:16,639 --> 00:50:19,892 using bodies and labor for profit. 750 00:50:20,976 --> 00:50:24,813 But for the Jews during the Holocaust, 751 00:50:24,855 --> 00:50:27,983 the end call was not subjugation, 752 00:50:29,318 --> 00:50:31,987 it was extermination. 753 00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:33,739 "Kill them all. 754 00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:36,617 Wipe them off the face of the Earth. 755 00:50:36,992 --> 00:50:38,953 There's no need for them here.” 756 00:50:40,579 --> 00:50:41,872 It's different. 757 00:50:44,250 --> 00:50:47,670 I say, leave Jewish folks alone. 758 00:50:48,045 --> 00:50:50,256 They're fine. They don't need you. 759 00:50:50,548 --> 00:50:52,216 Write about us, Isabel. 760 00:50:52,508 --> 00:50:53,842 I am writing about us. 761 00:50:54,343 --> 00:50:55,427 I just... 762 00:50:56,804 --> 00:50:58,806 I couldn't fully explain 763 00:50:59,223 --> 00:51:01,100 - what was in my head. - You better than me. 764 00:51:01,141 --> 00:51:03,143 Because I would have had words. 765 00:51:03,185 --> 00:51:04,270 She was rude. 766 00:51:04,311 --> 00:51:05,854 I had words. 767 00:51:06,146 --> 00:51:07,773 I had a ton of words. 768 00:51:07,815 --> 00:51:09,817 Wow. And none of them were, 769 00:51:09,858 --> 00:51:13,862 "I'm the right one on the wrong day, baby"? 770 00:51:13,904 --> 00:51:15,698 Yeah, well, I'm still my mother's child, 771 00:51:15,739 --> 00:51:17,157 and that wouldn't have happened. 772 00:51:17,199 --> 00:51:18,576 I know. 773 00:51:18,617 --> 00:51:21,412 You never could bag back, even when we were kids. 774 00:51:21,745 --> 00:51:23,581 Always thinking about your comeback 775 00:51:23,622 --> 00:51:24,957 the next day. 776 00:51:25,291 --> 00:51:28,377 "I know what I should have said was..." 777 00:51:30,254 --> 00:51:32,464 What if Brett had been there last night? 778 00:51:35,801 --> 00:51:37,136 Poor lady. 779 00:51:37,428 --> 00:51:38,846 Probably would still be there, 780 00:51:39,930 --> 00:51:41,140 confronting. 781 00:51:41,432 --> 00:51:43,642 [Marion laughing] 782 00:51:44,518 --> 00:51:45,769 Afternoon. 783 00:51:45,811 --> 00:51:47,146 Hi, afternoon. 784 00:51:47,438 --> 00:51:49,189 Some unwanted visitors, huh? 785 00:51:49,607 --> 00:51:52,901 Looks like they even built a guesthouse. 786 00:51:52,943 --> 00:51:54,737 I'm putting these out in the backyard 787 00:51:54,778 --> 00:51:56,196 to empty out. 788 00:51:56,238 --> 00:51:58,616 Just have your gardener pick 'em up in a day or two. 789 00:51:58,657 --> 00:51:59,617 Sir. 790 00:51:59,658 --> 00:52:01,493 Sir, I don't want that. 791 00:52:01,535 --> 00:52:04,747 I'd rather not have those nests in my yard. 792 00:52:05,748 --> 00:52:07,291 I have dogs, 793 00:52:07,666 --> 00:52:10,169 and that spray can't be good for them. 794 00:52:10,461 --> 00:52:11,879 It's fine, won't hurt 'em. 795 00:52:17,259 --> 00:52:18,385 Hey. 796 00:52:18,677 --> 00:52:20,012 Can I help? 797 00:52:20,387 --> 00:52:22,931 - Can I just... - Yes, go ahead. 798 00:52:22,973 --> 00:52:24,141 Excuse me. 799 00:52:24,516 --> 00:52:25,768 She doesn't want it back there. 800 00:52:25,809 --> 00:52:27,770 Did you not hear what she said? 801 00:52:27,811 --> 00:52:29,730 Yeah, but I can't take it with me today. 802 00:52:29,772 --> 00:52:31,273 My bins are full. 803 00:52:31,315 --> 00:52:32,941 Okay. Well, I guess we're just gonna have 804 00:52:32,983 --> 00:52:34,610 to figure something out then, right? 805 00:52:34,652 --> 00:52:35,903 I mean, you didn't... 806 00:52:35,944 --> 00:52:37,863 you didn't remove that for free, did you? 807 00:52:39,615 --> 00:52:41,075 No. Right? 808 00:52:42,868 --> 00:52:44,244 No, I didn't. 809 00:52:44,286 --> 00:52:45,663 So, look, if this is your tree, you go ahead 810 00:52:45,704 --> 00:52:47,373 and you leave that wherever you'd like. 811 00:52:47,414 --> 00:52:48,999 But if you do want to get paid for your work, 812 00:52:49,333 --> 00:52:51,418 you're gonna have to finish the job. 813 00:52:57,675 --> 00:52:59,426 Appreciate the cooperation. 814 00:53:03,681 --> 00:53:05,265 Did I just mansplain? 815 00:53:07,976 --> 00:53:11,480 Well, you asked for permission, So... 816 00:53:11,522 --> 00:53:12,564 And if you hadn't... 817 00:53:12,815 --> 00:53:15,984 I'd be in a white savior mode, right? 818 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:17,778 What do you know about that? 819 00:53:17,820 --> 00:53:20,531 Well, break bad habits, never gonna get broke, right? 820 00:53:24,702 --> 00:53:27,788 Well, you asked for permission, so we'll just call it 821 00:53:27,830 --> 00:53:28,872 being neighborly. 822 00:53:28,914 --> 00:53:30,916 Okay. Let's... Let's do that. 823 00:53:33,335 --> 00:53:36,213 I haven't seen your mom and dad on their walks for a while. 824 00:53:36,255 --> 00:53:37,965 - How are they doing? - You know, 825 00:53:38,006 --> 00:53:39,216 they're slowing down. Thank you. 826 00:53:39,591 --> 00:53:42,511 But they're having the conversation about moving 827 00:53:42,553 --> 00:53:43,679 to Florida. 828 00:53:43,721 --> 00:53:46,098 But they're hanging in, you know. 829 00:53:47,891 --> 00:53:48,976 My mom, too. 830 00:53:50,269 --> 00:53:51,311 I get it. 831 00:53:54,231 --> 00:53:57,860 My mom made me promise I'd come by today. It's... 832 00:53:57,901 --> 00:53:59,403 It's my birthday, so... 833 00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:03,365 Wait... 834 00:54:03,407 --> 00:54:05,200 - Today is your birthday? - Yeah. 835 00:54:05,242 --> 00:54:07,494 - Today is your birthday? - lt is. 836 00:54:08,370 --> 00:54:09,747 Yes, she... 837 00:54:10,038 --> 00:54:13,125 She made me a cake. Like I was a little kid. 838 00:54:13,625 --> 00:54:16,545 ‘Cause she still thinks you're her baby. 839 00:54:16,587 --> 00:54:17,671 I think it's sweet. 840 00:54:22,134 --> 00:54:23,469 Happy birthday... 841 00:54:25,262 --> 00:54:26,513 It's Brett. 842 00:54:28,432 --> 00:54:30,642 - I'm Isabel. - Yeah, I know. 843 00:54:35,481 --> 00:54:37,691 And I think birthdays are a big deal. 844 00:54:37,733 --> 00:54:39,943 - Do you? Wow. - Yes, I do. 845 00:54:40,319 --> 00:54:42,571 - Not me, honestly, but... - They should be. 846 00:54:42,613 --> 00:54:43,739 - Really? - Yes. 847 00:54:43,781 --> 00:54:44,740 Okay. 848 00:54:48,911 --> 00:54:50,537 Will you come over? 849 00:54:50,996 --> 00:54:52,414 Come have a slice of cake with us, 850 00:54:52,456 --> 00:54:54,082 you know, that would make my mom so happy. 851 00:54:54,124 --> 00:54:57,753 And... And, you know, it would make the birthday 852 00:54:57,795 --> 00:54:59,213 a big deal, 853 00:54:59,254 --> 00:55:01,673 because I don't have any idea how to do that. 854 00:55:09,097 --> 00:55:11,600 Well, I haven't seen your mom and dad for a while. 855 00:55:11,642 --> 00:55:12,684 There you go. 856 00:55:15,646 --> 00:55:16,772 I'll come in and say hi. 857 00:55:16,814 --> 00:55:18,232 - Yeah? - Yeah. 858 00:55:18,524 --> 00:55:19,483 Wow. 859 00:55:20,442 --> 00:55:23,028 - [chuckles] Okay. - Oh, God. 860 00:55:23,278 --> 00:55:24,905 - What? - Nothing, what? 861 00:55:24,947 --> 00:55:26,406 Come on, let's go eat some cake. 862 00:55:27,157 --> 00:55:28,826 She makes a mean cake, too. 863 00:55:29,159 --> 00:55:30,619 - Really? - Oh, yeah, she's got 864 00:55:30,661 --> 00:55:31,495 the layers going. 865 00:55:31,537 --> 00:55:32,329 What kind are we talking about? 866 00:55:32,579 --> 00:55:34,039 We're talking about, I mean... 867 00:55:34,331 --> 00:55:36,458 Hopefully, there's not gonna be, like, a fire engine on it 868 00:55:36,500 --> 00:55:37,543 like when I was seven, 869 00:55:37,793 --> 00:55:38,794 you never know with my mom. 870 00:57:24,066 --> 00:57:29,029 These are the minutes from the meeting in 1934. 871 00:57:29,488 --> 00:57:32,783 Fifteen months after the meeting, 872 00:57:32,824 --> 00:57:33,742 they become law. 873 00:57:33,784 --> 00:57:36,078 - Jim Crow laws. - Yes. 874 00:57:36,119 --> 00:57:38,372 - American race laws. - Yes. 875 00:57:38,664 --> 00:57:40,582 [Isabel] It's mind-blowing. 876 00:57:43,794 --> 00:57:45,712 [speaking German] 877 00:57:57,849 --> 00:57:59,601 [man in English] "Our problem is different. 878 00:57:59,643 --> 00:58:01,895 Their problem is... 879 00:58:03,480 --> 00:58:07,901 Negroes with nothing to build upon. 880 00:58:07,943 --> 00:58:11,738 A problem that plays no part for us here in Germany. 881 00:58:11,780 --> 00:58:15,826 Our problem is the Jews, who must be kept 882 00:58:15,867 --> 00:58:17,244 enduringly apart.” 883 00:58:17,285 --> 00:58:20,038 - What is this? - That is a transcript 884 00:58:20,080 --> 00:58:22,165 of a meeting that I saw a picture of, 885 00:58:22,207 --> 00:58:26,128 where Nazi lawyers were studying American law 886 00:58:26,169 --> 00:58:27,462 and customs 887 00:58:27,504 --> 00:58:29,673 to figure out how to pull off the Holocaust. 888 00:58:30,007 --> 00:58:33,427 [in English] Our problem is the Jews who must be kept 889 00:58:33,468 --> 00:58:34,761 enduringly apart, 890 00:58:34,803 --> 00:58:36,263 since there's no doubt that they represent 891 00:58:36,304 --> 00:58:37,848 a foreign body in the Volk. 892 00:58:38,181 --> 00:58:40,017 And segregation will never achieve the goal 893 00:58:40,058 --> 00:58:42,477 as long as the Jews have economic power 894 00:58:42,519 --> 00:58:45,147 in the German fatherland as they do have now. 895 00:58:45,522 --> 00:58:48,817 As long as they have the most beautiful automobiles, 896 00:58:49,651 --> 00:58:52,112 the most beautiful motorboats. 897 00:58:52,487 --> 00:58:54,656 As long as they play a prominent role 898 00:58:54,698 --> 00:58:57,117 in the pleasure spots and resorts 899 00:58:57,159 --> 00:58:59,619 and everywhere that costs money. 900 00:59:00,037 --> 00:59:02,289 This can only be achieved through measures 901 00:59:02,581 --> 00:59:07,002 that forbids sexual mixing of a Jew and a German, 902 00:59:07,044 --> 00:59:08,670 and imposes criminal punishment. 903 00:59:08,712 --> 00:59:11,214 We must answer the question today 904 00:59:11,590 --> 00:59:15,010 as to whether laws that the Reich will institute 905 00:59:15,427 --> 00:59:18,388 should declare only the separation of races, 906 00:59:18,680 --> 00:59:22,851 or if it should declare the superiority of one 907 00:59:22,893 --> 00:59:25,353 and the inferiority of others. 908 00:59:30,650 --> 00:59:33,070 [Isabel narrating] In the fall of 1933, 909 00:59:33,111 --> 00:59:35,072 Allison Davis and his wife, 910 00:59:35,113 --> 00:59:36,490 Elizabeth, 911 00:59:36,531 --> 00:59:38,200 cut short their advanced studies 912 00:59:38,450 --> 00:59:40,410 at the University of Berlin, 913 00:59:40,452 --> 00:59:43,371 and fled Germany when Hitler took power. 914 00:59:44,706 --> 00:59:46,333 Well, we finally got proof 915 00:59:46,625 --> 00:59:49,586 that one landowner named Bailey has been whipping sharecroppers. 916 00:59:49,628 --> 00:59:51,379 Bailey's wife told me 917 00:59:51,421 --> 00:59:53,673 that's the way to manage them when they get too "uppity"? 918 00:59:53,715 --> 00:59:55,884 We heard about a tenant farmer, one county over, 919 00:59:55,926 --> 00:59:58,095 who was beaten so badly by a store merchant, 920 00:59:58,136 --> 00:59:59,346 he can't bring in a crop. 921 00:59:59,387 --> 01:00:00,514 We're headin' over there tomorrow. 922 01:00:00,555 --> 01:00:01,807 Do you know what sparked that? 923 01:00:01,848 --> 01:00:03,683 The Negro man asked for a receipt. 924 01:00:03,975 --> 01:00:05,811 Beat him right there in the store. 925 01:00:06,103 --> 01:00:10,232 It inspired him to study the process of injustice. 926 01:00:10,273 --> 01:00:14,694 This gave Dr. Davis new insight into the nature of hate. 927 01:00:14,736 --> 01:00:17,572 The other half of their team was a white couple 928 01:00:17,823 --> 01:00:20,408 named Burleigh and Mary Gardner, 929 01:00:20,450 --> 01:00:22,869 also Harvard anthropologists. 930 01:00:23,328 --> 01:00:25,831 The mission was quietly revolutionary. 931 01:00:27,457 --> 01:00:30,460 Together, all four would embed themselves 932 01:00:30,710 --> 01:00:34,756 in an isolated Southern town from both sides 933 01:00:34,798 --> 01:00:35,632 of the caste divide. 934 01:00:37,259 --> 01:00:41,054 One breach of a social order could cost them 935 01:00:41,096 --> 01:00:41,972 all their lives. 936 01:00:44,432 --> 01:00:46,810 And this was exactly what they were doing 937 01:00:46,852 --> 01:00:47,686 in Natchez, Mississippi, 938 01:00:49,104 --> 01:00:52,732 breaching the social order to study the social hierarchy 939 01:00:52,983 --> 01:00:53,692 of the South. 940 01:00:55,277 --> 01:00:57,737 A mission that would render them 941 01:00:58,029 --> 01:00:59,072 undercover investigators 942 01:00:59,364 --> 01:01:01,324 in order to fit into the community. 943 01:01:01,867 --> 01:01:03,952 This would be one of the first studies 944 01:01:03,994 --> 01:01:05,120 of its kind. 945 01:01:05,537 --> 01:01:09,499 Neither couple fully knew what they were 946 01:01:09,541 --> 01:01:10,417 getting themselves into. 947 01:01:11,960 --> 01:01:13,795 Out in public, 948 01:01:13,837 --> 01:01:17,048 they had to remain in character at all times. 949 01:01:19,467 --> 01:01:22,637 With the Davises required to show deference 950 01:01:22,679 --> 01:01:23,638 to the Gardners 951 01:01:23,680 --> 01:01:25,265 and never give the appearance 952 01:01:25,515 --> 01:01:28,810 that they were, in fact, colleagues in the trenches, 953 01:01:29,269 --> 01:01:32,814 they had to keep to their own caste performance. 954 01:01:32,856 --> 01:01:36,401 Everyone had to play the part expected of them. 955 01:01:36,860 --> 01:01:39,154 [man] They don't need to be out on these streets. 956 01:01:39,196 --> 01:01:40,864 [Burleigh] Seen ‘em around before? 957 01:01:40,906 --> 01:01:42,073 Oh, yeah. 958 01:01:42,407 --> 01:01:44,326 Monkey's getting too big for his britches. 959 01:01:45,869 --> 01:01:47,829 Might've to train him. 960 01:01:47,871 --> 01:01:48,663 Come on. 961 01:01:52,375 --> 01:01:54,461 [Mary] I don't see how we stay much longer. 962 01:01:54,502 --> 01:01:56,379 Our neighbor practically invited us 963 01:01:56,421 --> 01:01:57,839 to a lynching yesterday. 964 01:01:57,881 --> 01:01:59,591 [Burleigh] Allison, there've been some... 965 01:02:00,008 --> 01:02:02,802 some unkind things said about you. 966 01:02:03,261 --> 01:02:05,805 I can't be sure these folks don't get in mind 967 01:02:05,847 --> 01:02:06,848 and do something. 968 01:02:06,890 --> 01:02:08,516 We're seeing similar suspicion, 969 01:02:08,558 --> 01:02:10,018 - we should consider. - Not yet. 970 01:02:10,060 --> 01:02:11,895 - Allison. - You're getting into the wide 971 01:02:11,937 --> 01:02:13,021 inner circle 972 01:02:13,063 --> 01:02:14,189 - of this town... - It's not worth our safety. 973 01:02:14,231 --> 01:02:16,149 ...and that is what we need to observe. 974 01:02:16,733 --> 01:02:18,151 We're close. 975 01:02:18,568 --> 01:02:20,362 The two couples kept on the move, 976 01:02:20,612 --> 01:02:23,198 constantly changing clandestine locations 977 01:02:23,240 --> 01:02:25,075 for safety. 978 01:02:25,450 --> 01:02:27,535 They couldn't go to each other's homes. 979 01:02:27,577 --> 01:02:30,705 Mixing of races was not allowed publicly 980 01:02:30,747 --> 01:02:34,459 in any form except subservience. 981 01:02:36,878 --> 01:02:42,008 "A most striking tenet of their embrace of supremacy 982 01:02:43,051 --> 01:02:45,345 is deference.” 983 01:02:45,971 --> 01:02:48,056 That should be the core of the chapter, don't you think? 984 01:02:49,099 --> 01:02:50,267 Behavior, right? 985 01:02:51,643 --> 01:02:54,521 Deference goes beyond mere observance 986 01:02:54,562 --> 01:02:55,689 of certain formalities. 987 01:02:56,106 --> 01:02:59,192 We call them "sir" and they call us "boy" 988 01:02:59,234 --> 01:03:00,193 and "gal." 989 01:03:00,235 --> 01:03:01,319 Exactly. 990 01:03:01,569 --> 01:03:04,364 Never contradicting whites. 991 01:03:04,406 --> 01:03:06,032 Always agreeing with them. 992 01:03:06,074 --> 01:03:06,825 Evenin'. 993 01:03:08,994 --> 01:03:11,955 - Hey! - Y'all eat? 994 01:03:12,289 --> 01:03:15,583 Been out here readin' and writin' for hours. 995 01:03:18,003 --> 01:03:19,921 Greens with fatback gonna get cold. 996 01:03:19,963 --> 01:03:22,382 Hey, now, ain't gotta tell me twice. 997 01:03:22,424 --> 01:03:26,094 No. Yes, ma'am. Can't wait to try them greens. 998 01:03:26,136 --> 01:03:27,095 We'll be there. 999 01:03:29,931 --> 01:03:30,849 All right. 1000 01:03:53,163 --> 01:03:54,164 Hey! 1001 01:03:54,414 --> 01:03:55,582 [both] Hil! 1002 01:04:35,455 --> 01:04:39,751 [man] The American material gives us a path to an answer. 1003 01:04:40,710 --> 01:04:42,087 Yeah. 1004 01:04:42,379 --> 01:04:44,089 America has succeeded here. 1005 01:04:45,882 --> 01:04:49,511 Their legislation does not base itself 1006 01:04:49,552 --> 01:04:52,389 on the mere idea of racial difference. 1007 01:04:52,806 --> 01:04:54,724 But to the extent this legislation is aimed 1008 01:04:54,766 --> 01:04:56,351 at Negroes, 1009 01:04:56,393 --> 01:05:01,648 it bases itself absolutely on the idea of inferiority. 1010 01:05:01,689 --> 01:05:03,024 Well, 1011 01:05:03,066 --> 01:05:05,026 Germans are already convinced that the Jews 1012 01:05:05,068 --> 01:05:05,944 are an inferior race. 1013 01:05:08,029 --> 01:05:10,532 German laws should reflect that. 1014 01:05:10,573 --> 01:05:11,741 [man] Precisely. 1015 01:05:13,701 --> 01:05:16,371 I am of the opinion that we can proceed 1016 01:05:16,413 --> 01:05:20,875 with the same primitivity as the American states. 1017 01:05:21,167 --> 01:05:23,962 Such a procedure would be... 1018 01:05:24,295 --> 01:05:29,134 crude legally, but it would suffice. 1019 01:05:31,719 --> 01:05:33,680 [Isabel] The Nazi blueprint, 1020 01:05:34,097 --> 01:05:37,517 for the extermination of millions of people, 1021 01:05:37,559 --> 01:05:41,563 was directly patterned after America's enslavement 1022 01:05:41,604 --> 01:05:44,649 and segregation of Black people. 1023 01:05:44,983 --> 01:05:48,945 - America taught the Nazis? - Caste in America. 1024 01:05:48,987 --> 01:05:53,491 In Germany, it functions the same. 1025 01:05:53,825 --> 01:05:55,743 The outcomes might be different, 1026 01:05:55,785 --> 01:05:57,287 like Sabine said. 1027 01:05:57,620 --> 01:05:58,663 But it is the same. 1028 01:06:00,206 --> 01:06:02,333 I think that the caste system in India, 1029 01:06:02,375 --> 01:06:05,378 I think that there is a connection there too, 1030 01:06:05,420 --> 01:06:07,839 but... the interconnectedness. 1031 01:06:09,299 --> 01:06:10,967 That is my point. 1032 01:06:11,009 --> 01:06:12,260 That is what I'm saying. 1033 01:06:13,928 --> 01:06:14,929 Come here. 1034 01:06:34,782 --> 01:06:37,785 We proudly bestow this Ambedkar Award 1035 01:06:37,827 --> 01:06:39,412 to Dr. Suraj Yengde, 1036 01:06:39,454 --> 01:06:41,289 post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. 1037 01:07:08,066 --> 01:07:10,985 [indistinct conversations] 1038 01:07:12,362 --> 01:07:15,073 [men shouting] 1039 01:07:20,787 --> 01:07:23,164 Come on, win it! Come on, win it! 1040 01:07:25,333 --> 01:07:27,418 [indistinct conversations] 1041 01:07:34,592 --> 01:07:37,804 Nathaniel, I know it's gonna be worth the wait. 1042 01:07:38,096 --> 01:07:39,222 Give it to me. 1043 01:07:41,182 --> 01:07:43,851 [Marion] Carol, can you come and uncover this one? 1044 01:07:43,893 --> 01:07:44,852 I got it, baby. 1045 01:07:44,894 --> 01:07:46,271 This chicken looks good. 1046 01:07:50,275 --> 01:07:51,568 What? 1047 01:07:51,943 --> 01:07:57,615 Respectfully, we and everybody are just wondering about an ETA. 1048 01:07:57,907 --> 01:08:00,577 The ETA is when I say it's ready, 1049 01:08:00,618 --> 01:08:01,494 respectfully. 1050 01:08:02,078 --> 01:08:03,079 Yes, ma'am. 1051 01:08:04,789 --> 01:08:06,874 - Hi, Isabel. - Hello. 1052 01:08:06,916 --> 01:08:08,835 - How you been? - I've been all right. 1053 01:08:08,876 --> 01:08:10,795 Yeah, how are you holding up? 1054 01:08:11,087 --> 01:08:12,255 All is well. 1055 01:08:12,297 --> 01:08:13,715 How are you two? 1056 01:08:13,756 --> 01:08:14,674 We're good. 1057 01:08:14,716 --> 01:08:15,758 - Starvin'. - Good. 1058 01:08:17,385 --> 01:08:20,555 I wanted to ask if you knew one of my professors, 1059 01:08:20,597 --> 01:08:21,889 Dr. Montgomery? 1060 01:08:21,931 --> 01:08:25,018 I think he studies the same things you do. 1061 01:08:25,310 --> 01:08:29,355 No. But I'm not keeping up like I used to, so... 1062 01:08:29,397 --> 01:08:33,109 Of course. Well, he is a smart man, 1063 01:08:33,151 --> 01:08:34,569 a nice older gentleman. 1064 01:08:34,611 --> 01:08:36,487 I thought you might like to meet him. 1065 01:08:36,529 --> 01:08:39,657 He is handsome for his age, Black. 1066 01:08:41,576 --> 01:08:44,704 Why don't the two of you take this over to the Uno table? 1067 01:08:44,746 --> 01:08:46,122 And tell them we startin'. 1068 01:08:46,456 --> 01:08:47,540 - Okay. - Okay. 1069 01:08:48,249 --> 01:08:49,542 Boy. 1070 01:08:51,544 --> 01:08:52,837 They mean well. 1071 01:08:53,129 --> 01:08:55,840 You know, Brett always looked forward to these. 1072 01:08:56,341 --> 01:08:58,843 You and Mama were the only ones that let him in. 1073 01:08:59,135 --> 01:09:00,428 Folks weren't mean. 1074 01:09:00,470 --> 01:09:03,431 I know, but there was always... that. 1075 01:09:03,806 --> 01:09:06,100 "When is she gonna leave him and find herself 1076 01:09:06,142 --> 01:09:07,644 a good brother?" 1077 01:09:07,685 --> 01:09:10,772 Now, these containers, these containers we're in. 1078 01:09:10,813 --> 01:09:14,442 We... Maybe the... Maybe the label says 1079 01:09:14,484 --> 01:09:15,943 "Black woman." 1080 01:09:15,985 --> 01:09:18,154 Maybe the label says "white man, or Asian, or..." 1081 01:09:18,196 --> 01:09:20,615 Fix your face. You're too young for all that. 1082 01:09:20,657 --> 01:09:23,117 You read the label and we think we know 1083 01:09:23,159 --> 01:09:24,827 what's on the inside. 1084 01:09:24,869 --> 01:09:26,037 Y'all can eat now. 1085 01:09:27,664 --> 01:09:29,123 We trust the label. 1086 01:09:29,165 --> 01:09:31,501 We put the container on the shelf. 1087 01:09:31,542 --> 01:09:32,669 And that's it. 1088 01:09:33,127 --> 01:09:34,629 That's it. 1089 01:09:35,004 --> 01:09:36,673 Who need a kiss for good luck? 1090 01:09:36,714 --> 01:09:38,966 - [man] Me. - 'Cause that hand is trash. 1091 01:09:41,177 --> 01:09:43,179 Come on, Mama, give me some sugar. 1092 01:09:43,554 --> 01:09:44,931 There you go. Thank you, baby. 1093 01:09:44,972 --> 01:09:46,474 Okay, so now go ahead, I'm listenin'. 1094 01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:48,434 I think that's what my book is about. 1095 01:09:50,311 --> 01:09:51,396 Ohh. Okay. 1096 01:09:53,523 --> 01:09:56,275 I forgot, which one is yours, which one is mine? 1097 01:09:56,317 --> 01:09:57,652 This one is mine. 1098 01:09:57,694 --> 01:09:59,237 Okay. Oh, here you go. 1099 01:09:59,570 --> 01:10:04,075 So, your book is about interracial relationships. 1100 01:10:04,409 --> 01:10:09,372 No, no, it's about... it's about caste. 1101 01:10:09,747 --> 01:10:15,336 That's the phenomenon of placing one group above another group. 1102 01:10:16,546 --> 01:10:17,839 In a hierarchy. 1103 01:10:17,880 --> 01:10:21,008 And the consequences to its victims 1104 01:10:21,050 --> 01:10:23,344 and presumed beneficiaries. 1105 01:10:27,223 --> 01:10:29,308 One more time in English? 1106 01:10:29,684 --> 01:10:33,855 A little Pulitzer Prize-less, if you can. 1107 01:10:33,896 --> 01:10:34,981 I can! 1108 01:10:35,273 --> 01:10:37,567 Okay, well, then do it. Make it plain. 1109 01:10:37,608 --> 01:10:40,486 Because the stuff you were saying about the Nazis 1110 01:10:40,528 --> 01:10:41,904 got me all twisted around. 1111 01:10:41,946 --> 01:10:43,823 How is that in the same book about Brett? 1112 01:10:43,865 --> 01:10:44,615 I don't get it. 1113 01:10:45,950 --> 01:10:49,203 Do you think slavery was a system 1114 01:10:49,245 --> 01:10:51,581 of terrorism and torture 1115 01:10:51,622 --> 01:10:55,001 that the Europeans used to profit off the labor 1116 01:10:55,042 --> 01:10:56,043 of Black people 1117 01:10:56,085 --> 01:10:57,754 who they considered inferior? 1118 01:10:58,588 --> 01:10:59,881 Yeah. 1119 01:10:59,922 --> 01:11:01,048 Hell yes, it was. 1120 01:11:01,090 --> 01:11:03,092 - No. - Don't shake your head, it was! 1121 01:11:03,134 --> 01:11:04,677 No, they made it all up. 1122 01:11:04,719 --> 01:11:06,345 Your girl Toni Morrison said: 1123 01:11:06,387 --> 01:11:10,224 "Why would you give your child to be nursed and raised 1124 01:11:10,266 --> 01:11:12,268 by people who you think aren't human? 1125 01:11:12,310 --> 01:11:13,728 Who are animals.” 1126 01:11:13,770 --> 01:11:16,481 - Yes, Toni. - Yes, Toni. 1127 01:11:16,773 --> 01:11:19,192 It was all lies. They knew we weren't inferior, 1128 01:11:19,484 --> 01:11:22,737 but they magnified, they magnified the myths. 1129 01:11:23,029 --> 01:11:25,406 They codify them, set them in stone, 1130 01:11:26,282 --> 01:11:28,576 in systems, 1131 01:11:28,618 --> 01:11:31,704 in our laws, in our healthcare, 1132 01:11:31,746 --> 01:11:34,207 in where we live, how we learned, 1133 01:11:34,248 --> 01:11:38,169 the kind of work that we do, even our food. 1134 01:11:39,337 --> 01:11:42,423 Racism at its finest. 1135 01:11:42,465 --> 01:11:45,009 No, it's caste. 1136 01:11:45,051 --> 01:11:47,929 Everything you just said was racist. 1137 01:11:47,970 --> 01:11:49,555 Okay. Well, if it's racist, 1138 01:11:49,597 --> 01:11:52,934 then why is the same thing happening in India? 1139 01:11:52,975 --> 01:11:56,145 They're all brown. They're all Indian. 1140 01:11:56,187 --> 01:11:59,899 Marion, right now to this day, 1141 01:12:00,316 --> 01:12:02,443 there is a system in India 1142 01:12:02,485 --> 01:12:07,573 where generations of people are forced to clean sewers 1143 01:12:07,615 --> 01:12:09,784 with their hands, 1144 01:12:09,826 --> 01:12:13,120 their shit, with their hands. 1145 01:12:13,162 --> 01:12:15,790 They are beneath the lowest of the hierarchy. 1146 01:12:15,832 --> 01:12:17,667 They're called Dalits. 1147 01:12:18,042 --> 01:12:22,630 At one point, they were forced to tie brooms 1148 01:12:22,672 --> 01:12:24,173 around their waists 1149 01:12:24,215 --> 01:12:27,510 because their shadows were supposedly polluted. 1150 01:12:27,802 --> 01:12:29,345 - Mmm. - Their shadows. 1151 01:12:29,679 --> 01:12:33,307 They had to sweep behind themselves 1152 01:12:33,349 --> 01:12:34,684 when they walked. 1153 01:12:35,142 --> 01:12:38,771 How is it racist if they're all the same race? 1154 01:12:39,146 --> 01:12:43,442 Okay, do you think that Jews are white? 1155 01:12:43,734 --> 01:12:44,986 Definitely. 1156 01:12:45,027 --> 01:12:46,404 The majority are. 1157 01:12:46,445 --> 01:12:49,657 But the same thing happened to Jews in Germany 1158 01:12:49,699 --> 01:12:50,992 during the Holocaust. 1159 01:12:51,367 --> 01:12:54,495 The Nazis wanted to create an all-white republic, 1160 01:12:54,537 --> 01:12:56,956 but they hated, they hated the Jews. 1161 01:12:56,998 --> 01:12:59,166 So, they said, "How do we make the Jews 1162 01:12:59,208 --> 01:13:00,543 not white?" 1163 01:13:00,585 --> 01:13:03,671 So, they put them at the bottom of the hierarchy. 1164 01:13:03,713 --> 01:13:05,464 They said that they were greedy. 1165 01:13:05,506 --> 01:13:07,300 They said that they were dishonest. 1166 01:13:07,341 --> 01:13:10,678 They blamed them for Germany losing the First World War. 1167 01:13:10,720 --> 01:13:12,555 They blamed them for everything bad 1168 01:13:12,597 --> 01:13:14,015 that happened in Germany. 1169 01:13:14,265 --> 01:13:15,349 They were dogs. 1170 01:13:15,391 --> 01:13:19,186 "Kill them. Gas them, wipe them out.” 1171 01:13:19,228 --> 01:13:22,773 The Jews and the Nazis were the same color. 1172 01:13:24,358 --> 01:13:27,695 We have to consider oppression in a way 1173 01:13:27,737 --> 01:13:30,197 that does not centralize race. 1174 01:13:30,239 --> 01:13:33,910 We do it here in America, yes, because racism is all we know. 1175 01:13:33,951 --> 01:13:35,786 But these containers, 1176 01:13:36,203 --> 01:13:39,749 the Dalits in India, Jewish people in Germany, 1177 01:13:39,790 --> 01:13:41,208 Black folks in America, 1178 01:13:41,250 --> 01:13:44,545 all these containers have something in common. 1179 01:13:44,587 --> 01:13:46,756 Race is not one of them. 1180 01:13:47,715 --> 01:13:48,925 It's caste. 1181 01:13:56,766 --> 01:13:58,643 Only took you 10 minutes 1182 01:13:58,935 --> 01:14:00,519 for that comeback. 1183 01:14:00,561 --> 01:14:01,854 [laughing] 1184 01:14:02,104 --> 01:14:06,359 Figure out how to say more of what you just said, 1185 01:14:06,651 --> 01:14:07,818 make it plain. 1186 01:14:08,152 --> 01:14:10,696 Talk to real people like you just did to me. 1187 01:14:11,614 --> 01:14:13,741 Real people. 1188 01:14:13,783 --> 01:14:14,951 Real things. 1189 01:14:18,287 --> 01:14:19,914 [man] You know, we met in college. 1190 01:14:19,956 --> 01:14:21,749 So, one time, she comes up and saying, 1191 01:14:21,791 --> 01:14:23,084 "Can I borrow a pen?" 1192 01:14:23,125 --> 01:14:25,252 You are... [indistinct] That is not true! 1193 01:14:25,294 --> 01:14:26,921 And he didn't know the day of the final. 1194 01:14:26,963 --> 01:14:29,298 So he's like, "I've seen you in my class..." 1195 01:14:29,340 --> 01:14:30,758 And I'm just going... 1196 01:14:30,800 --> 01:14:32,426 "Do you know exactly what the day of the..." 1197 01:14:32,468 --> 01:14:33,594 And... See. 1198 01:14:33,636 --> 01:14:35,054 I think you were trying to get to me. 1199 01:14:35,096 --> 01:14:36,430 Let me let you in on a secret. 1200 01:14:36,472 --> 01:14:37,723 - Okay. - l knew when the final was. 1201 01:14:38,015 --> 01:14:40,393 [laughing and clapping] 1202 01:14:40,810 --> 01:14:41,894 - That's my baby. - Night. 1203 01:14:41,936 --> 01:14:43,729 Night, night. Sweet dreams. 1204 01:14:43,771 --> 01:14:44,897 Isabel. 1205 01:14:45,189 --> 01:14:46,899 Come by more often, will ya? 1206 01:14:47,233 --> 01:14:51,320 We seem to only get the lasagna when you around here. 1207 01:14:51,362 --> 01:14:53,781 I'm hearing that she's stingy with the lasagna. 1208 01:14:53,823 --> 01:14:55,449 I don't know what it is. 1209 01:14:55,491 --> 01:14:58,077 Stop, you are lying too close to Sunday, come on. 1210 01:14:59,829 --> 01:15:01,122 Love you. 1211 01:15:01,372 --> 01:15:02,289 - Good seeing you. Good night. - Good night. 1212 01:15:02,331 --> 01:15:03,624 Good to see you, too. 1213 01:15:03,874 --> 01:15:05,960 Make sure they bathe. With water, real water. 1214 01:15:06,002 --> 01:15:07,253 Yes, ma'am. 1215 01:15:07,294 --> 01:15:10,297 - And a washcloth. - I'll do my best, baby. 1216 01:15:10,589 --> 01:15:12,550 Shit, do I... What... Do I just... 1217 01:15:12,591 --> 01:15:14,301 Do I talk slow? What do I... 1218 01:15:14,343 --> 01:15:19,849 Okay, so I was in 10th grade, and we had just moved to Texas, 1219 01:15:20,182 --> 01:15:21,976 and my friend and I had this... 1220 01:15:22,018 --> 01:15:23,310 these walkie-talkies. 1221 01:15:23,352 --> 01:15:25,771 Which, you know, we'd be usin' between classes, 1222 01:15:25,813 --> 01:15:27,148 to talk or whatever. 1223 01:15:27,189 --> 01:15:28,649 And this was pre-cell phone, of course. 1224 01:15:28,691 --> 01:15:29,650 Right. 1225 01:15:29,692 --> 01:15:30,985 - Late '80s. - Right. 1226 01:15:31,027 --> 01:15:35,156 And... the principal called me to his office, 1227 01:15:35,197 --> 01:15:36,657 he was all suspicious. 1228 01:15:36,699 --> 01:15:37,908 Because he wanted to know why all these people 1229 01:15:38,200 --> 01:15:39,410 were gathered around my locker. 1230 01:15:39,452 --> 01:15:42,913 So I showed him the walkie-talkie. 1231 01:15:43,247 --> 01:15:45,166 And he asked my name. 1232 01:15:45,207 --> 01:15:48,669 And I said, "Miss Hale." 1233 01:15:49,795 --> 01:15:52,923 And he said, "What is your first name?" 1234 01:15:53,841 --> 01:15:54,967 "It's Miss." 1235 01:15:56,343 --> 01:15:59,555 I said, "What is your first name?" 1236 01:16:00,931 --> 01:16:03,684 "My name's Miss." 1237 01:16:03,726 --> 01:16:07,063 He's, "l don't have time for all this foolishness, gal. 1238 01:16:07,104 --> 01:16:09,857 "What is your real name?" 1239 01:16:10,357 --> 01:16:13,736 I've... I've repeated my damn name four times. 1240 01:16:13,778 --> 01:16:16,447 That's a direct defiance of caste. 1241 01:16:16,739 --> 01:16:19,033 The most personal I've heard yet. 1242 01:16:19,075 --> 01:16:20,493 Can you imagine that? 1243 01:16:20,534 --> 01:16:24,538 A young Black man plotting to force the respect 1244 01:16:24,580 --> 01:16:26,248 of white people. 1245 01:16:26,290 --> 01:16:29,376 Your father tore a loophole through the hierarchy. 1246 01:16:29,418 --> 01:16:30,503 It's brilliant. 1247 01:16:30,795 --> 01:16:32,838 Brilliant. Go on, go on. 1248 01:16:32,880 --> 01:16:36,050 So the principal was furious. 1249 01:16:36,092 --> 01:16:39,887 So he tells his secretary to check my records, 1250 01:16:39,929 --> 01:16:44,350 and, of course, they confirm that my legal name 1251 01:16:44,391 --> 01:16:46,060 is Miss Hale. 1252 01:16:46,102 --> 01:16:49,105 So he says to me, 1253 01:16:49,146 --> 01:16:52,691 "Hale. I don't know any Hales. 1254 01:16:52,983 --> 01:16:54,068 "You not from around here. 1255 01:16:54,110 --> 01:16:56,570 "Where's your father from?" 1256 01:16:57,029 --> 01:17:00,407 And I said, "He's from Alabama." 1257 01:17:00,449 --> 01:17:02,868 And he said, "lI knew you weren't 1258 01:17:02,910 --> 01:17:04,620 from around here. 1259 01:17:04,662 --> 01:17:06,413 You know how I knew?" 1260 01:17:06,455 --> 01:17:08,082 And I said, "No." 1261 01:17:09,291 --> 01:17:12,294 And he said, real cold... 1262 01:17:13,796 --> 01:17:16,799 "Cause you looking me in the eye. 1263 01:17:16,841 --> 01:17:19,635 Colored folk around here know better." 1264 01:17:25,349 --> 01:17:26,892 I was... 1265 01:17:28,811 --> 01:17:30,104 I was scared. 1266 01:17:33,774 --> 01:17:36,986 - You know, I was a kid. - Yeah. 1267 01:17:37,319 --> 01:17:38,571 I had never felt... 1268 01:17:41,699 --> 01:17:42,783 that... 1269 01:17:43,701 --> 01:17:46,412 that cold glare. 1270 01:17:46,871 --> 01:17:49,748 You know, he was lookin' me right in the eyes, 1271 01:17:50,040 --> 01:17:54,587 demanding that I not look him in the eyes. 1272 01:18:06,891 --> 01:18:07,933 You know, my... 1273 01:18:12,104 --> 01:18:13,606 You know, Daddy would... 1274 01:18:16,317 --> 01:18:17,443 It's okay. 1275 01:18:17,484 --> 01:18:18,652 It's okay. 1276 01:18:23,157 --> 01:18:24,658 Daddy tell me 1277 01:18:24,700 --> 01:18:26,327 again and again, 1278 01:18:27,161 --> 01:18:30,080 "Always live up to your name." 1279 01:18:34,668 --> 01:18:35,878 He said, "Miss... 1280 01:18:41,383 --> 01:18:44,470 They don't have the corner on humanity. 1281 01:18:45,554 --> 01:18:48,432 They don't have the corner on femininity. 1282 01:18:48,807 --> 01:18:53,854 They don't have the corner on what it means 1283 01:18:53,896 --> 01:18:54,897 to be a whole, noble, honorable person.” 1284 01:19:03,948 --> 01:19:05,032 Far from it. 1285 01:19:15,251 --> 01:19:16,460 Thank you. 1286 01:19:30,349 --> 01:19:31,517 You okay? 1287 01:19:43,320 --> 01:19:44,989 [Isabel] Most relationships end. 1288 01:19:45,322 --> 01:19:47,408 Friendships, romances. 1289 01:19:47,825 --> 01:19:52,579 Divorces. I mean, separations, people grow apart. 1290 01:19:52,621 --> 01:19:53,622 They break. 1291 01:20:00,754 --> 01:20:02,131 But we didn't break. 1292 01:20:33,162 --> 01:20:35,456 We fought that night. 1293 01:20:37,541 --> 01:20:41,295 It was about something so silly, Miss. 1294 01:20:45,090 --> 01:20:47,801 I should have spent more time with her. 1295 01:20:48,052 --> 01:20:50,137 Daddy would want me to fix this. 1296 01:20:50,179 --> 01:20:52,473 For Christ's sake, would you stop, Isabel? 1297 01:20:52,723 --> 01:20:54,224 Just stop. 1298 01:20:54,683 --> 01:20:57,227 It's her idea, she made a choice, 1299 01:20:57,269 --> 01:20:58,604 she's a grown woman, let her make it. 1300 01:20:58,937 --> 01:21:00,272 It's like you hide behind this thing 1301 01:21:00,314 --> 01:21:01,357 with your mother. 1302 01:21:01,398 --> 01:21:02,608 - Hiding? - l just don't get it. 1303 01:21:02,900 --> 01:21:04,860 - Hide? I'm not hiding. - Hiding. You're hiding. 1304 01:21:04,902 --> 01:21:05,944 I'm not hiding. 1305 01:21:08,030 --> 01:21:09,698 So silly. 1306 01:21:12,701 --> 01:21:13,535 And then... 1307 01:21:14,661 --> 01:21:16,830 he offered me some pasta... 1308 01:21:18,040 --> 01:21:19,750 to apologize. 1309 01:21:29,968 --> 01:21:31,637 You want some of that pasta? 1310 01:21:35,808 --> 01:21:37,643 - Save me some. - Okay. 1311 01:21:45,109 --> 01:21:46,527 And then that was it. 1312 01:21:51,615 --> 01:21:53,158 But we didn't break. 1313 01:21:55,702 --> 01:21:57,079 We did not break. 1314 01:21:58,414 --> 01:21:59,623 We were together. 1315 01:22:01,208 --> 01:22:02,334 Till the end. 1316 01:22:04,753 --> 01:22:06,547 He should be here, Miss. 1317 01:22:07,756 --> 01:22:09,425 He should be here. 1318 01:22:12,344 --> 01:22:14,263 [no audible dialogue] 1319 01:22:36,285 --> 01:22:37,953 And the one person... 1320 01:22:39,079 --> 01:22:40,706 that I could talk to about... 1321 01:22:43,208 --> 01:22:44,960 she's gone, too. 1322 01:22:56,638 --> 01:22:59,141 What the hell am I supposed to do now? 1323 01:23:02,936 --> 01:23:04,771 Come, come, come. 1324 01:23:04,813 --> 01:23:05,814 You're okay. 1325 01:23:10,152 --> 01:23:11,737 I just wanna scream, 1326 01:23:11,778 --> 01:23:13,780 I just wanna scream, I just wanna scream. 1327 01:23:13,822 --> 01:23:14,656 Then scream. 1328 01:23:14,698 --> 01:23:16,074 Then scream. 1329 01:23:18,494 --> 01:23:19,578 Scream. 1330 01:23:29,338 --> 01:23:30,589 Roomy. 1331 01:23:30,881 --> 01:23:31,965 Fantastic light. 1332 01:23:32,966 --> 01:23:34,760 Will you update or sell as original? 1333 01:23:36,720 --> 01:23:38,931 I was thinking a fresh coat of paint. 1334 01:23:40,015 --> 01:23:41,099 Vintage it is. 1335 01:23:41,850 --> 01:23:43,018 Yeah. 1336 01:23:54,404 --> 01:23:56,490 There might be water damage there. 1337 01:23:58,742 --> 01:24:01,161 Yes, with everything going on, I just... 1338 01:24:02,162 --> 01:24:03,956 I just basically locked up the house, 1339 01:24:03,997 --> 01:24:05,123 I have to deal with it. 1340 01:24:05,415 --> 01:24:06,708 It's a process. 1341 01:24:07,668 --> 01:24:08,794 Isn't everything? 1342 01:24:10,504 --> 01:24:12,005 So what is the price difference 1343 01:24:12,047 --> 01:24:15,133 between fixing it up and selling it as is? 1344 01:24:16,051 --> 01:24:17,928 - As is? - Yeah. 1345 01:24:18,345 --> 01:24:21,473 You're basically giving this little jewel away. 1346 01:24:21,932 --> 01:24:24,184 The area's hot right now with hipsters. 1347 01:24:24,226 --> 01:24:26,019 And these older homes, when they're fixed up, 1348 01:24:26,061 --> 01:24:28,188 can sometimes double in value. 1349 01:24:28,230 --> 01:24:30,857 If you can put a few thousand towards getting it fixed, 1350 01:24:30,899 --> 01:24:33,193 you would have a competitive situation on your hands 1351 01:24:33,235 --> 01:24:34,778 with multiple bidders. 1352 01:24:38,907 --> 01:24:40,200 You write books, right? 1353 01:24:41,034 --> 01:24:42,035 A book. 1354 01:24:43,412 --> 01:24:44,830 I'm writing another one, but... 1355 01:24:46,456 --> 01:24:48,584 books don't pay as much as people think. 1356 01:24:50,419 --> 01:24:52,004 I get it. 1357 01:24:52,462 --> 01:24:54,548 Sell as a fixer and don't even worry about it. 1358 01:24:54,881 --> 01:24:56,091 Let someone else do the work. 1359 01:24:57,759 --> 01:24:59,469 So let's discuss the contract. 1360 01:24:59,761 --> 01:25:01,221 Once the property is clear, we'll go ahead 1361 01:25:01,513 --> 01:25:02,514 and do an open house, 1362 01:25:02,556 --> 01:25:04,057 that way, people can come in 1363 01:25:04,099 --> 01:25:05,392 and view the property and see what they're willing 1364 01:25:05,434 --> 01:25:06,852 to offer. 1365 01:25:06,893 --> 01:25:08,729 Like I said, we'll get multiple bidders... 1366 01:25:08,770 --> 01:25:10,355 [women laughing] 1367 01:25:10,606 --> 01:25:11,857 [Isabel] Who is that? 1368 01:25:11,898 --> 01:25:13,066 [Marion] What? They didn't wanna get 1369 01:25:13,108 --> 01:25:13,900 in trouble. 1370 01:25:16,737 --> 01:25:18,905 Stop. 1371 01:25:18,947 --> 01:25:21,742 She sucked her thumb and peed in the bed 1372 01:25:21,783 --> 01:25:24,119 'til she was 20 years old. 1373 01:25:24,161 --> 01:25:27,289 I'm not... I'm just... Stop. 1374 01:25:28,624 --> 01:25:30,584 So cute! 1375 01:25:30,626 --> 01:25:32,127 So cute. 1376 01:25:33,587 --> 01:25:35,130 Look at Mama. 1377 01:25:36,923 --> 01:25:37,716 So cute. 1378 01:25:37,758 --> 01:25:40,886 - So fine. - Yeah. 1379 01:25:40,927 --> 01:25:41,970 How much is it? 1380 01:25:44,431 --> 01:25:47,809 All four estimates are over $10,000. 1381 01:25:48,101 --> 01:25:49,686 - Damn. - Yeah. 1382 01:25:52,648 --> 01:25:54,816 You can't sell the roofless house. 1383 01:25:54,858 --> 01:25:58,236 Well, we'll have to wait till I get back. 1384 01:25:58,654 --> 01:26:01,823 - You leave when again? - Next month. 1385 01:26:02,074 --> 01:26:04,618 I have so much research to do here, 1386 01:26:04,660 --> 01:26:07,954 and I have to start a new draft soon. 1387 01:26:07,996 --> 01:26:09,956 Do you even know anybody in India? 1388 01:26:09,998 --> 01:26:11,375 Marion, here's Uncle. 1389 01:26:12,334 --> 01:26:14,336 That's the point of travelin'. 1390 01:26:14,670 --> 01:26:16,254 Meeting new people. 1391 01:26:16,713 --> 01:26:19,966 Traveling to places where you are warmly welcomed 1392 01:26:20,008 --> 01:26:21,635 by familiar faces 1393 01:26:22,803 --> 01:26:24,304 is underrated. 1394 01:26:24,721 --> 01:26:27,140 Well, I might have found an Indian professor 1395 01:26:27,974 --> 01:26:29,476 who can help me navigate. 1396 01:26:29,726 --> 01:26:30,644 [Marion coughing] 1397 01:26:30,686 --> 01:26:31,561 "Might"? 1398 01:26:33,647 --> 01:26:34,856 No, no "might." 1399 01:26:42,698 --> 01:26:44,366 [foreign language over plane intercom] 1400 01:28:12,662 --> 01:28:13,497 Here you are. 1401 01:28:14,581 --> 01:28:15,540 No, no, no. 1402 01:28:25,967 --> 01:28:27,761 - Thank you. - [man] Thank you, Madame 1403 01:28:48,365 --> 01:28:49,991 [phone dings] 1404 01:28:55,789 --> 01:28:56,832 Okay good. 1405 01:28:57,666 --> 01:28:58,667 Oh, good. 1406 01:29:10,804 --> 01:29:12,681 [street noises] 1407 01:29:54,014 --> 01:29:56,474 Isabel! Isabel! 1408 01:29:57,726 --> 01:29:59,519 [excited laughing] Suraj! 1409 01:30:00,604 --> 01:30:02,480 - So good to see you. - Hello, hello. 1410 01:30:02,731 --> 01:30:04,691 Allow me to introduce my esteemed friend, 1411 01:30:04,733 --> 01:30:06,318 - Yes. - Professor Ram Kamli. 1412 01:30:06,359 --> 01:30:08,236 - Pleasure is mine. - Thank you. 1413 01:30:08,278 --> 01:30:09,529 You know what we're gonna do? 1414 01:30:09,571 --> 01:30:10,989 We're gonna go straight. 1415 01:30:11,031 --> 01:30:12,574 We're gonna walk right there. 1416 01:30:12,616 --> 01:30:14,492 - That's where we gotta go. - [Isabel] We're doing that? 1417 01:30:14,534 --> 01:30:15,702 [Suraj] We're gonna do that. 1418 01:30:15,994 --> 01:30:17,329 - You are excited? - Yes, I am. 1419 01:30:17,621 --> 01:30:20,457 Welcome to India, Isabel. So good to have you. 1420 01:30:20,749 --> 01:30:22,125 [Isabel] I'm happy to be here. 1421 01:30:22,167 --> 01:30:23,501 [Suraj] There are signals on all the corners. 1422 01:30:23,752 --> 01:30:25,879 And this is one of the... This is not four-way. 1423 01:30:25,921 --> 01:30:27,839 - This is five-way. - Five-way. 1424 01:30:27,881 --> 01:30:30,550 And if you add a person like me, 1425 01:30:30,592 --> 01:30:32,344 I make my own way. 1426 01:30:32,385 --> 01:30:34,095 - So, it's like six-way. - Six-way? 1427 01:30:36,139 --> 01:30:37,307 Oh my... 1428 01:30:45,732 --> 01:30:47,025 It's a beautiful market. 1429 01:30:52,572 --> 01:30:55,200 [indistinct talking] 1430 01:31:03,041 --> 01:31:05,669 [speaking in foreign language] 1431 01:31:07,337 --> 01:31:09,381 - l like this one. - [Ram] You like this one? 1432 01:31:09,673 --> 01:31:10,548 [Ram and vendor speaking] 1433 01:31:11,841 --> 01:31:13,343 She would like this. 1434 01:31:13,385 --> 01:31:18,306 [Ram and vendor haggling in foreign language] 1435 01:31:23,144 --> 01:31:24,521 It's for my cousin. 1436 01:31:24,771 --> 01:31:25,897 That look gorgeous. 1437 01:31:25,939 --> 01:31:26,982 Thank you. 1438 01:31:28,024 --> 01:31:30,068 Why is the statue caged? 1439 01:31:31,027 --> 01:31:32,153 Quite observant. 1440 01:31:32,404 --> 01:31:35,073 He's Baba Saheb, the leader of Dalits. 1441 01:31:35,115 --> 01:31:37,867 Isabel, he's Dr. Ambedkar. 1442 01:31:40,036 --> 01:31:42,455 This is the time when he had just completed 1443 01:31:42,497 --> 01:31:45,333 the task of drafting India's constitution. 1444 01:31:45,375 --> 01:31:48,378 There, he's holding it and standing tall. 1445 01:31:48,670 --> 01:31:51,673 You will find these statues all across the country. 1446 01:31:51,715 --> 01:31:56,302 From a busy street, square, parks, railway stations, 1447 01:31:56,344 --> 01:31:57,470 bus stations. 1448 01:31:57,512 --> 01:31:59,973 Even in people's private properties. 1449 01:32:00,265 --> 01:32:04,185 Him standing is an affirmation of our existence. 1450 01:32:05,812 --> 01:32:09,149 To us, he is revered. 1451 01:32:09,190 --> 01:32:11,693 To others, they revile him. 1452 01:32:12,110 --> 01:32:16,156 Dr. Ambedkar statues are one of the most vandalized 1453 01:32:16,197 --> 01:32:17,365 in the country. 1454 01:32:17,782 --> 01:32:20,827 The cage is to keep the vandals away. 1455 01:32:26,416 --> 01:32:29,502 Dr. Ambedkar is more than a champion 1456 01:32:29,544 --> 01:32:32,005 and a hero to the Dalit people. 1457 01:32:32,422 --> 01:32:35,633 He's the hope that lives within us. 1458 01:32:36,176 --> 01:32:39,012 He went to the heart of the problem of caste, and he thought 1459 01:32:39,054 --> 01:32:43,475 the purity was lying beneath the artifice of caste... 1460 01:32:43,516 --> 01:32:44,684 Mm-hmm. 1461 01:32:44,934 --> 01:32:48,730 and where the human population was chopped 1462 01:32:48,772 --> 01:32:51,524 into what he called fixed and definite units. 1463 01:32:52,484 --> 01:32:54,819 In America, you have what you call 1464 01:32:54,861 --> 01:32:57,739 the Blacks, the browns, the Asian, the whites 1465 01:32:57,781 --> 01:32:58,823 and et cetera. 1466 01:32:58,865 --> 01:33:00,825 Similarly, we have in India, 1467 01:33:00,867 --> 01:33:03,828 where the Dalits are supposed to be at the bottom 1468 01:33:03,870 --> 01:33:05,038 and the Brahmins at the top. 1469 01:33:05,080 --> 01:33:07,457 And between, there are various units 1470 01:33:07,499 --> 01:33:08,666 of caste. 1471 01:33:09,084 --> 01:33:13,880 What maintains this unit into continuing of caste system 1472 01:33:14,130 --> 01:33:17,717 is unending violence in the form of rape, 1473 01:33:17,759 --> 01:33:19,469 mutilation and murder. 1474 01:33:19,761 --> 01:33:24,557 In India, a Dalit person is attacked every 15 minutes. 1475 01:33:24,808 --> 01:33:28,394 Every day, 10 Dalit women are raped, 1476 01:33:28,436 --> 01:33:30,563 and these are only the reported cases. 1477 01:33:32,398 --> 01:33:35,527 Rohith Vemula's friends, family and the wider Dalit Movement 1478 01:33:35,568 --> 01:33:37,695 called it an institutional murder. 1479 01:33:37,737 --> 01:33:40,406 And they called it this because it was not simply a case 1480 01:33:40,448 --> 01:33:41,741 of suicide. 1481 01:33:41,783 --> 01:33:43,409 They said that this was an institution 1482 01:33:43,451 --> 01:33:45,745 that was systematically discriminating 1483 01:33:45,787 --> 01:33:47,080 against a young Dalit student. 1484 01:33:47,122 --> 01:33:48,915 And this was important because for a lot of us, 1485 01:33:48,957 --> 01:33:52,585 as young folks who were looking for a life of dignity 1486 01:33:52,627 --> 01:33:54,129 and respect, 1487 01:33:54,170 --> 01:33:55,880 and were looking to education and the university to give us 1488 01:33:55,922 --> 01:33:57,465 that life, 1489 01:33:57,507 --> 01:34:00,593 it showed that the specter of caste was still haunting us. 1490 01:34:01,010 --> 01:34:04,764 [Suraj] In a world where Dalit people are brutalized, 1491 01:34:05,056 --> 01:34:08,434 simply to keep us in our place, 1492 01:34:08,476 --> 01:34:11,938 Dr. Ambedkar remains our shining light. 1493 01:34:11,980 --> 01:34:15,942 Our guardian, our hero, our father. 1494 01:34:16,276 --> 01:34:18,695 The site of Dr. Ambedkar's last home. 1495 01:34:18,736 --> 01:34:20,530 - It's a museum now. - Ah. 1496 01:34:21,156 --> 01:34:22,407 Quite magnificent. 1497 01:34:22,824 --> 01:34:25,743 As you can see, it's an open-book concept. 1498 01:34:28,788 --> 01:34:32,041 While he is a giant among Dalits, 1499 01:34:32,417 --> 01:34:36,921 the world has failed to acknowledge his genius. 1500 01:34:37,463 --> 01:34:40,842 Dr. Ambedkar was separated from the kids of high caste 1501 01:34:40,884 --> 01:34:42,760 so as not to pollute them. 1502 01:34:45,847 --> 01:34:47,932 [children cheering] 1503 01:34:48,433 --> 01:34:51,978 [Suraj] As a child, young Bhimrao Ambedkar 1504 01:34:52,020 --> 01:34:54,606 was not allowed to touch many of the things 1505 01:34:54,647 --> 01:34:57,066 his classmates would touch. 1506 01:35:00,028 --> 01:35:03,448 He was not even allowed to touch water at the school. 1507 01:35:03,489 --> 01:35:05,491 This is because he was considered 1508 01:35:05,533 --> 01:35:07,076 an "untouchable.” 1509 01:35:09,662 --> 01:35:13,082 That was the term used for Dalits at the time. 1510 01:35:14,500 --> 01:35:15,960 [teacher speaking foreign language] 1511 01:35:16,252 --> 01:35:20,548 Young Ambedkar was not allowed to touch or sit 1512 01:35:20,590 --> 01:35:21,633 at a desk during class. 1513 01:35:21,925 --> 01:35:26,137 [teacher speaking foreign language] 1514 01:35:38,441 --> 01:35:40,068 But he persevered. 1515 01:35:40,109 --> 01:35:43,238 He continued to study and break barriers. 1516 01:35:47,575 --> 01:35:51,204 Dr. Ambedkar earned two PhDs. 1517 01:35:51,246 --> 01:35:53,706 One at Columbia University, 1518 01:35:53,998 --> 01:35:56,376 and the other at the London School 1519 01:35:56,417 --> 01:35:58,378 of Economics. 1520 01:35:58,920 --> 01:36:04,550 After obtaining his PhDs and passing the bar, 1521 01:36:05,093 --> 01:36:10,974 Dr. Ambedkar returned to India as a heralded scholar. 1522 01:36:11,307 --> 01:36:14,018 We have been carrying on with untouchability 1523 01:36:14,060 --> 01:36:15,228 for the last 2,000 years. 1524 01:36:15,603 --> 01:36:18,439 Nobody has bothered about it. You see? 1525 01:36:18,690 --> 01:36:22,610 Yes, there are some... some disabilities. 1526 01:36:22,652 --> 01:36:24,070 We are very harmful. 1527 01:36:24,112 --> 01:36:25,530 Apparently, people can't take water. 1528 01:36:25,822 --> 01:36:28,574 People can't have land, you see, 1529 01:36:28,616 --> 01:36:31,286 to cultivate and earn their livelihood. 1530 01:36:33,663 --> 01:36:38,835 There is an insistence on conflating caste with race. 1531 01:36:39,085 --> 01:36:40,169 Oh, yeah. 1532 01:36:40,461 --> 01:36:42,755 If I brought you to the family reunion, 1533 01:36:42,797 --> 01:36:43,840 what would you say? 1534 01:36:43,881 --> 01:36:44,966 What would you say to them? 1535 01:36:45,008 --> 01:36:48,720 My cousin Marion. My mother. 1536 01:36:52,432 --> 01:36:56,644 What would you say to them that's important for them 1537 01:36:56,686 --> 01:36:57,687 to know... 1538 01:36:59,022 --> 01:37:02,442 about you, about India, 1539 01:37:02,483 --> 01:37:06,738 about caste and our connection? 1540 01:37:07,196 --> 01:37:09,240 [Suraj] Our heroes found the connection. 1541 01:37:09,282 --> 01:37:11,993 And it is up to us to find it again, 1542 01:37:12,035 --> 01:37:15,913 and build upon it in sibling solidarity. 1543 01:37:16,372 --> 01:37:20,376 Bhimrao Ambedkar, a young Indian grad student, 1544 01:37:20,710 --> 01:37:23,379 he found himself in New York City. 1545 01:37:23,713 --> 01:37:26,090 Harlem, to be exact. 1546 01:37:26,632 --> 01:37:30,428 He saw kindred spirits among Black people in America. 1547 01:37:30,887 --> 01:37:35,933 Both in the oppression they faced and in their survival. 1548 01:37:38,561 --> 01:37:40,605 He immediately recognized the similarities 1549 01:37:40,855 --> 01:37:45,151 between how African Americans were treated 1550 01:37:45,193 --> 01:37:46,152 and the treatment of Dalits. 1551 01:37:50,031 --> 01:37:52,116 Asha, you've been doing some work on this right? 1552 01:37:52,367 --> 01:37:56,287 Yes, my thesis centered on Dr. King's visit to India. 1553 01:37:56,704 --> 01:37:59,374 He saw many of these things first time, 1554 01:37:59,415 --> 01:38:03,211 while he and his wife toured the country. 1555 01:38:03,252 --> 01:38:06,047 I found the way in which he wrote about India 1556 01:38:06,089 --> 01:38:09,509 to be fascinating as someone afflicted by caste 1557 01:38:09,759 --> 01:38:10,718 in their own country. 1558 01:38:11,719 --> 01:38:13,388 I used his essay 1559 01:38:13,429 --> 01:38:16,516 in the magazine of United States as the core of my research. 1560 01:38:16,808 --> 01:38:18,976 Do you know Ebony magazine? 1561 01:38:19,894 --> 01:38:21,979 Yes. 1562 01:38:22,230 --> 01:38:23,689 Yes, I know Ebony magazine. 1563 01:38:23,731 --> 01:38:26,484 Dr. King wrote about India in Ebony? 1564 01:38:26,776 --> 01:38:27,652 [Asha] Yes. 1565 01:38:27,902 --> 01:38:29,529 July, 1959. 1566 01:38:29,570 --> 01:38:31,114 It is quite extraordinary. 1567 01:38:33,366 --> 01:38:36,619 [Suraj] And so, there is a connection between us. 1568 01:38:36,953 --> 01:38:39,372 The African Americans, the Dalits, 1569 01:38:39,414 --> 01:38:41,624 the indigenous people around the world, 1570 01:38:41,916 --> 01:38:45,378 the Palestinian people, the Roma people, Buraku people. 1571 01:38:45,420 --> 01:38:47,338 - Yes. - The outcasts of Africa 1572 01:38:47,380 --> 01:38:48,673 are still fighting for their rights. 1573 01:38:48,923 --> 01:38:51,050 Be it Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal. 1574 01:38:51,092 --> 01:38:54,220 You go to Latin America, you find outcasts 1575 01:38:54,262 --> 01:38:57,515 within the Mexican society or Brazilian society. 1576 01:38:57,557 --> 01:39:00,184 And if we think about our histories 1577 01:39:00,226 --> 01:39:02,061 through the wonderful ability of love, 1578 01:39:02,478 --> 01:39:06,691 the symbols of hate and diets of violence 1579 01:39:06,941 --> 01:39:12,029 will be replaced by compassion, care and solidarity. 1580 01:39:12,321 --> 01:39:16,534 This is the world that we have to imagine 1581 01:39:16,576 --> 01:39:19,620 for ourselves and for others 1582 01:39:19,662 --> 01:39:22,748 who have not yet seen the beauty 1583 01:39:22,790 --> 01:39:24,917 that human beings have to offer. 1584 01:39:28,921 --> 01:39:32,133 [Dr. King] One afternoon, I went down to speak 1585 01:39:32,175 --> 01:39:34,051 in the southern part of India, 1586 01:39:34,093 --> 01:39:38,890 and I remember that afternoon that the principal got up 1587 01:39:38,931 --> 01:39:40,308 to introduce me. 1588 01:39:40,349 --> 01:39:44,437 He said, "lI would like to present to you 1589 01:39:44,479 --> 01:39:45,605 a fellow untouchable 1590 01:39:45,897 --> 01:39:48,357 from the United States of America." 1591 01:39:48,649 --> 01:39:51,360 And for the moment, I was peeved. I was shocked 1592 01:39:51,652 --> 01:39:55,114 that I would be introduced as an untouchable. 1593 01:39:55,156 --> 01:39:58,784 But pretty soon, my mind ran back across 1594 01:39:58,826 --> 01:40:00,161 to America. 1595 01:40:00,703 --> 01:40:04,957 And I had to say to myself, I am an untouchable. 1596 01:40:05,208 --> 01:40:08,961 And segregation is evil and sinful 1597 01:40:09,003 --> 01:40:11,297 because it stigmatizes 1598 01:40:11,339 --> 01:40:13,799 the segregated as an untouchable 1599 01:40:13,841 --> 01:40:16,260 in a caste system. 1600 01:40:16,677 --> 01:40:19,305 And this is why I'm convinced 1601 01:40:19,347 --> 01:40:25,520 that we have the moral edict, a moral mandate, 1602 01:40:25,937 --> 01:40:30,024 to work to get rid of this unjust and evil system. 1603 01:40:32,401 --> 01:40:33,319 [phone dings] 1604 01:41:17,488 --> 01:41:20,700 I'll put the phone near her. 1605 01:41:20,992 --> 01:41:21,867 [Isabel] Okay. 1606 01:41:29,584 --> 01:41:30,543 Baby. 1607 01:41:35,840 --> 01:41:37,008 You're on speaker. 1608 01:41:38,301 --> 01:41:39,510 She's... 1609 01:41:41,470 --> 01:41:43,431 She hasn't been responding to folks. 1610 01:41:47,268 --> 01:41:48,352 I understand. 1611 01:41:54,984 --> 01:41:56,068 Marion. 1612 01:41:57,069 --> 01:41:58,237 It's Isabel. 1613 01:42:01,657 --> 01:42:02,908 Hi, cousin. 1614 01:42:07,079 --> 01:42:08,873 I called to say goodbye. 1615 01:42:13,085 --> 01:42:14,712 I believe you can hear me. 1616 01:42:17,006 --> 01:42:18,674 You mean so much to me. 1617 01:42:23,638 --> 01:42:26,724 I remember everything you have ever said to me. 1618 01:42:27,975 --> 01:42:30,061 From the time that we were kids 1619 01:42:31,437 --> 01:42:34,148 until the last time I heard your voice. 1620 01:42:36,150 --> 01:42:37,318 I'll never forget it. 1621 01:42:40,613 --> 01:42:42,281 I'll never forget you. 1622 01:42:45,826 --> 01:42:47,828 You will walk with me. 1623 01:42:50,539 --> 01:42:52,750 You will live in me. 1624 01:42:54,377 --> 01:42:55,920 For as long as I'm here. 1625 01:43:00,675 --> 01:43:01,926 Watch over me. 1626 01:43:05,888 --> 01:43:07,807 Cover me, okay? 1627 01:43:11,644 --> 01:43:15,898 I won't see you, but you'll see me. 1628 01:43:19,110 --> 01:43:23,322 There's more to life than what you can see. 1629 01:43:25,908 --> 01:43:28,494 You're going to experience it all. 1630 01:43:35,876 --> 01:43:38,587 I love you. I love you. I love you. 1631 01:43:53,394 --> 01:43:55,020 I could stay around for a bit. 1632 01:43:56,188 --> 01:43:58,691 Don't you dare. You go. 1633 01:43:59,066 --> 01:44:01,861 So you can come home and you can write your stories. 1634 01:44:01,902 --> 01:44:04,071 ‘Cause folks need to know about this. 1635 01:44:27,845 --> 01:44:28,888 The pillars are working. 1636 01:44:28,929 --> 01:44:30,890 You know, it gives it shape. 1637 01:44:30,931 --> 01:44:32,391 Good, good. 1638 01:44:32,767 --> 01:44:34,602 Then how many of them will there be? 1639 01:44:35,436 --> 01:44:37,730 Six or seven. 1640 01:44:38,230 --> 01:44:39,607 Maybe eight. 1641 01:44:39,982 --> 01:44:41,734 And you are going to make this deadline? 1642 01:44:41,776 --> 01:44:43,903 I am going to make this deadline. 1643 01:44:43,944 --> 01:44:46,071 This self-imposed deadline. 1644 01:44:46,113 --> 01:44:48,407 Well, I don't have anyone to push me anymore, 1645 01:44:48,449 --> 01:44:49,325 so I have to push myself. 1646 01:45:26,487 --> 01:45:30,491 [Isabel narrating] A caste system needs scaffolding 1647 01:45:30,533 --> 01:45:33,953 in order to maintain its hierarchies. 1648 01:45:43,462 --> 01:45:45,673 Dr. Ambedkar wrote, 1649 01:45:45,714 --> 01:45:48,509 "Caste is an artificial chopping up 1650 01:45:48,551 --> 01:45:52,304 of the population into fixed units. 1651 01:45:52,346 --> 01:45:55,015 Each unit is prevented from fusing into another 1652 01:45:55,057 --> 01:45:57,560 through the custom called endogamy.” 1653 01:45:58,394 --> 01:46:00,271 Our rehearsing has paid off. 1654 01:46:00,396 --> 01:46:02,690 It's taken only six months to get that twirl down. 1655 01:46:03,858 --> 01:46:04,733 But... 1656 01:46:05,526 --> 01:46:06,986 ...completely worthwhile. 1657 01:46:15,703 --> 01:46:16,912 Let's go again. 1658 01:46:19,290 --> 01:46:20,833 Let me powder my nose first. 1659 01:46:28,424 --> 01:46:31,427 In showing how endogamy is maintained, 1660 01:46:31,468 --> 01:46:35,014 we can prove the genesis and mechanism of caste. 1661 01:46:36,640 --> 01:46:40,060 Endogamy is defined as restricting marriage 1662 01:46:40,102 --> 01:46:42,146 to people within the same caste. 1663 01:46:46,859 --> 01:46:48,277 [speaking German] 1664 01:46:51,655 --> 01:46:52,865 Have you heard... 1665 01:46:52,990 --> 01:46:56,118 ...they're asking for names and addresses. 1666 01:46:56,243 --> 01:46:57,661 They won't. 1667 01:46:57,786 --> 01:46:59,580 They're looking for artists and people who like jazz. 1668 01:46:59,705 --> 01:47:01,957 I don't believe it. It's all blown out of proportion. 1669 01:47:02,082 --> 01:47:04,710 No. This happened at the Wonder Room last month. 1670 01:47:05,085 --> 01:47:07,546 [Isabel] This is an ironclad foundation 1671 01:47:07,588 --> 01:47:09,340 of any caste system. 1672 01:47:10,591 --> 01:47:13,844 From ancient India, to the Nazi regime, 1673 01:47:14,136 --> 01:47:15,888 to the American colonizers. 1674 01:47:22,728 --> 01:47:24,021 Laugh, dear. 1675 01:47:26,190 --> 01:47:27,232 Laugh right now. 1676 01:47:32,404 --> 01:47:35,449 Endogamy enforces caste boundaries 1677 01:47:35,491 --> 01:47:38,077 by forbidding marriage, sexual relations 1678 01:47:38,118 --> 01:47:41,622 or even the appearance of romantic interest 1679 01:47:41,664 --> 01:47:42,915 across caste lines. 1680 01:47:43,248 --> 01:47:46,710 It builds a firewall between certain people. 1681 01:47:46,961 --> 01:47:48,712 [men speaking, dogs barking] 1682 01:47:49,922 --> 01:47:51,799 [men shouting in German] 1683 01:48:03,143 --> 01:48:05,980 By closing off legal family connection, 1684 01:48:06,313 --> 01:48:09,191 endogamy purposely blocks sense of empathy 1685 01:48:09,483 --> 01:48:12,945 and shared destiny between people. 1686 01:48:13,237 --> 01:48:14,446 [shouting in German] 1687 01:48:16,240 --> 01:48:17,116 Mama! 1688 01:48:17,157 --> 01:48:21,620 [indistinct shouting] 1689 01:48:22,079 --> 01:48:23,038 Mama! 1690 01:48:23,330 --> 01:48:26,166 [shouting continues] 1691 01:48:32,464 --> 01:48:35,968 [Isabel] It was the caste system, through the practice 1692 01:48:36,010 --> 01:48:37,803 of endogamy, 1693 01:48:37,845 --> 01:48:39,930 which essentially regulated people's romantic choices 1694 01:48:40,222 --> 01:48:41,849 over the course of centuries, 1695 01:48:41,890 --> 01:48:46,395 that created and reinforced the idea of races. 1696 01:48:50,232 --> 01:48:54,278 By permitting only those with similar physical traits 1697 01:48:54,319 --> 01:48:55,195 to legally mate. 1698 01:48:59,408 --> 01:49:03,328 Endogamy laws written and enforced by white men 1699 01:49:03,370 --> 01:49:06,915 designed the population of the United States. 1700 01:49:12,921 --> 01:49:17,217 If you were not a white man and you violated that... 1701 01:49:19,636 --> 01:49:23,974 An unknowable number of lives were lost due to endogamy... 1702 01:49:26,185 --> 01:49:28,520 the defining pillar of caste. 1703 01:49:31,690 --> 01:49:35,569 It triggered the most publicized cases 1704 01:49:35,611 --> 01:49:36,904 of lynchings in America. 1705 01:49:37,279 --> 01:49:40,824 A protocol strictly enforced against Black men 1706 01:49:41,075 --> 01:49:42,701 and white women. 1707 01:49:42,743 --> 01:49:44,161 Front row seat, darlin". 1708 01:49:54,880 --> 01:49:57,549 [Isabel] One of the foremost scholars of caste 1709 01:49:57,591 --> 01:49:59,343 in America once wrote, 1710 01:49:59,635 --> 01:50:01,470 "Tied to what one looked like, 1711 01:50:01,762 --> 01:50:05,557 membership in either the upper or the lowest caste 1712 01:50:05,599 --> 01:50:06,475 is immutable. 1713 01:50:08,352 --> 01:50:10,437 Fixed from birth to death. 1714 01:50:10,479 --> 01:50:12,064 Inescapable. 1715 01:50:12,106 --> 01:50:16,902 One may neither earn nor wed their way out." 1716 01:50:16,944 --> 01:50:20,572 That scholar was Dr. Allison Davis. 1717 01:50:20,948 --> 01:50:23,367 The Davis and Gardner team emerged 1718 01:50:23,408 --> 01:50:26,578 with perhaps the most comprehensive study, 1719 01:50:26,620 --> 01:50:29,581 to this day, of the American caste system. 1720 01:50:30,457 --> 01:50:31,959 Their book, Deep South, 1721 01:50:32,000 --> 01:50:35,546 is a quietly revolutionary landmark experiment 1722 01:50:35,587 --> 01:50:37,965 in interracial scholarship. 1723 01:50:38,340 --> 01:50:42,386 The Davises and the Gardners remained lifelong friends. 1724 01:50:57,109 --> 01:51:00,487 Nazi Germany, the United States and India 1725 01:51:00,529 --> 01:51:04,616 all reduced Jews, African Americans and Dalits 1726 01:51:04,658 --> 01:51:08,787 to an undifferentiated mass of nameless, 1727 01:51:08,829 --> 01:51:09,621 faceless scapegoats. 1728 01:51:14,293 --> 01:51:17,838 Millennia ago, Dalits were called 1729 01:51:17,880 --> 01:51:19,965 the "untouchables" of India. 1730 01:51:22,342 --> 01:51:27,306 Enforced into the degrading work of manual scavenging, 1731 01:51:27,556 --> 01:51:30,976 the practice of cleaning excrement 1732 01:51:31,018 --> 01:51:33,478 from toilets and open drains by hand 1733 01:51:33,520 --> 01:51:36,440 in exchange for leftover food. 1734 01:51:42,529 --> 01:51:45,908 The only thing that they have to protect their bodies... 1735 01:51:47,492 --> 01:51:48,785 is oil, 1736 01:51:49,328 --> 01:51:50,954 each other... 1737 01:51:51,205 --> 01:51:52,623 and their prayers. 1738 01:51:56,668 --> 01:52:02,132 To refuse is to invite severe punishment or death. 1739 01:52:02,174 --> 01:52:04,593 This persists to this day. 1740 01:52:10,557 --> 01:52:13,143 The trade and sale of African people 1741 01:52:13,393 --> 01:52:16,939 demolished communities, obliterated families 1742 01:52:17,231 --> 01:52:19,358 and tore flesh from spirit. 1743 01:52:23,904 --> 01:52:26,073 Human beings were tortured to death, 1744 01:52:26,114 --> 01:52:29,159 and thrown overboard on slave ships 1745 01:52:29,201 --> 01:52:30,118 during the Middle Passage. 1746 01:52:30,869 --> 01:52:33,205 [crying] 1747 01:52:39,836 --> 01:52:43,507 Upon their arrival at the concentration camps, 1748 01:52:43,548 --> 01:52:45,759 Jews were stripped of the clothing 1749 01:52:45,801 --> 01:52:48,095 of their former lives. 1750 01:52:48,136 --> 01:52:49,972 [people speaking German] 1751 01:52:53,934 --> 01:52:55,978 Their heads were shaved. 1752 01:52:56,311 --> 01:52:58,772 Distinguishing features like sideburns 1753 01:52:58,814 --> 01:53:02,401 or red hair were deleted from them. 1754 01:53:02,943 --> 01:53:06,697 They were no longer personalities to engage with. 1755 01:53:06,738 --> 01:53:08,740 They became a single mass, 1756 01:53:08,991 --> 01:53:11,743 purposely easier for SS officers 1757 01:53:11,785 --> 01:53:13,620 to distance themselves from. 1758 01:53:26,425 --> 01:53:30,512 Indian activists explained that the manual scavenger 1759 01:53:30,804 --> 01:53:34,558 is not a form of employment, but an injustice 1760 01:53:34,599 --> 01:53:36,184 akin to slavery. 1761 01:53:36,643 --> 01:53:40,564 It is one of the most prominent forms of discrimination 1762 01:53:40,605 --> 01:53:41,815 against Dalits, 1763 01:53:41,857 --> 01:53:43,442 and it is central to the violation 1764 01:53:43,734 --> 01:53:44,526 of their human rights, 1765 01:53:46,486 --> 01:53:48,530 to their dehumanization. 1766 01:53:53,994 --> 01:53:58,790 Through violent storms at sea, starvation, mutilation 1767 01:53:58,832 --> 01:54:00,459 and rape, 1768 01:54:00,500 --> 01:54:03,086 Black people were stacked and squeezed into the hulls 1769 01:54:03,128 --> 01:54:04,629 of ships 1770 01:54:04,671 --> 01:54:07,549 to be sold into further unfathomable terror. 1771 01:54:13,472 --> 01:54:16,516 Their bodies did not belong to them... 1772 01:54:18,643 --> 01:54:23,482 but to the dominating caste to do with however it wished. 1773 01:54:26,485 --> 01:54:29,363 No longer daughter of a fisherman, 1774 01:54:29,696 --> 01:54:31,823 or a nephew of the midwife, 1775 01:54:33,241 --> 01:54:35,827 loving mothers, 1776 01:54:35,869 --> 01:54:39,289 headstrong nephews, dedicated bakers 1777 01:54:39,539 --> 01:54:41,166 and watchmakers, 1778 01:54:41,208 --> 01:54:44,669 all merged into a single mass of undifferentiated bodies. 1779 01:54:44,711 --> 01:54:48,340 No longer seen as humans deserving empathy... 1780 01:54:49,674 --> 01:54:54,429 but as objects over whom control could be exerted. 1781 01:54:54,805 --> 01:54:56,431 They were no longer people. 1782 01:54:59,393 --> 01:55:00,936 They were numbers. 1783 01:55:18,370 --> 01:55:19,955 Dehumanized. 1784 01:55:36,805 --> 01:55:40,016 Now a soulless animal. 1785 01:55:49,943 --> 01:55:51,153 Not human. 1786 01:55:52,487 --> 01:55:57,033 [chains jingling] 1787 01:56:04,624 --> 01:56:08,545 It is harder to dehumanize a single person standing 1788 01:56:08,587 --> 01:56:09,880 in front of you, 1789 01:56:10,297 --> 01:56:13,884 harder to dehumanize an individual 1790 01:56:13,925 --> 01:56:15,010 you've gotten the chance to know. 1791 01:56:21,099 --> 01:56:24,769 Which is why people and groups who seek power and division 1792 01:56:24,811 --> 01:56:28,565 don't bother with dehumanizing an individual. 1793 01:56:28,857 --> 01:56:32,944 Better to attach a stigma, a taint of pollution, 1794 01:56:32,986 --> 01:56:34,529 to an entire group. 1795 01:56:38,867 --> 01:56:40,619 Dehumanize the group 1796 01:56:40,660 --> 01:56:43,747 and you've successfully dehumanized 1797 01:56:43,788 --> 01:56:46,208 every individual person within it. 1798 01:56:57,802 --> 01:57:00,430 Racism is not the same as caste. 1799 01:57:00,722 --> 01:57:04,100 Because race does not matter in order for the system 1800 01:57:04,142 --> 01:57:05,018 to work. 1801 01:57:18,990 --> 01:57:21,034 [no audible dialogue] 1802 01:57:44,182 --> 01:57:48,687 "Little League team wins championship.” 1803 01:58:01,616 --> 01:58:02,826 Mama. 1804 01:58:02,867 --> 01:58:05,787 "Little League team... splashes.” 1805 01:58:07,372 --> 01:58:08,582 It's true. 1806 01:58:12,043 --> 01:58:13,920 [man] Go, go, go! 1807 01:58:14,504 --> 01:58:16,256 [crowd cheering] 1808 01:58:34,149 --> 01:58:36,234 [man] It was a hot day like today. 1809 01:58:36,276 --> 01:58:37,235 [cheering in unison] 1810 01:58:37,277 --> 01:58:39,362 We were pretty excited 1811 01:58:39,404 --> 01:58:41,740 because we had just won the city championship 1812 01:58:41,781 --> 01:58:44,951 when the coach told us he was bringing us to this park. 1813 01:58:44,993 --> 01:58:48,121 And we're gonna get to eat and go swimming. 1814 01:58:48,371 --> 01:58:50,248 We were quite excited, as you can imagine. 1815 01:58:50,290 --> 01:58:55,503 And then the park ranger came over and pointed out Al. 1816 01:58:55,795 --> 01:58:56,838 [park ranger] Hey, boy! 1817 01:59:04,012 --> 01:59:05,889 - Yes, sir? - You can't be in here right now. 1818 01:59:05,930 --> 01:59:07,307 And you know better. 1819 01:59:07,349 --> 01:59:09,100 - Who you with? - [coach] Everything okay here? 1820 01:59:09,643 --> 01:59:11,936 - This boy with your team? - He's one of my players. 1821 01:59:11,978 --> 01:59:13,104 You know how long it'd take for our maintenance crew 1822 01:59:13,146 --> 01:59:14,105 to clean this up? 1823 01:59:14,147 --> 01:59:15,565 Disinfect it? 1824 01:59:15,607 --> 01:59:16,650 - Disinfect what... - This is a whites-only pool. 1825 01:59:16,691 --> 01:59:18,485 [man] We didn't know. Being young kids, 1826 01:59:18,526 --> 01:59:20,612 we didn't understand what was going on. 1827 01:59:20,654 --> 01:59:23,114 - Yeah. - And yet we wanted 1828 01:59:23,156 --> 01:59:24,449 to go in the pool 1829 01:59:24,491 --> 01:59:26,242 because it was so hot that day, too. 1830 01:59:26,284 --> 01:59:28,453 And then the park ranger, he said, 1831 01:59:28,703 --> 01:59:30,997 "If he goes in, nobody goes in." 1832 01:59:44,844 --> 01:59:49,432 So, they took Al outside to a blanket out there. 1833 01:59:49,891 --> 01:59:52,602 But, you know, we kept looking back at Al, 1834 01:59:52,644 --> 01:59:54,396 and seeing, why was he over there. 1835 01:59:55,689 --> 01:59:59,943 So, a few of my friends and I went over to talk to him 1836 02:00:00,193 --> 02:00:01,695 and to make sure he was okay. 1837 02:00:01,986 --> 02:00:05,156 [Isabel] So it felt strange when that happened, 1838 02:00:05,407 --> 02:00:06,700 that he was over there 1839 02:00:06,741 --> 02:00:07,784 - and you guys were here. - Yeah, it felt separate. 1840 02:00:07,826 --> 02:00:09,494 - He was on our team. - Yeah. Right, right. 1841 02:00:09,536 --> 02:00:11,496 And he was a big part of our team, and then, 1842 02:00:11,538 --> 02:00:14,249 they wouldn't let him in. 1843 02:00:14,874 --> 02:00:17,585 Some of the parents brought him over some food to eat. 1844 02:00:17,877 --> 02:00:19,796 - He sat there by himself? Ugh. - By himself. 1845 02:00:21,923 --> 02:00:25,009 And then, the coach talked to the park ranger again 1846 02:00:25,051 --> 02:00:26,428 and said, 1847 02:00:26,469 --> 02:00:27,679 "Hey, you've gotta let this kid in, at least 1848 02:00:27,721 --> 02:00:29,013 for a little swim." 1849 02:00:29,055 --> 02:00:33,143 - Yes, yes. - So he talked to the coach 1850 02:00:33,184 --> 02:00:35,186 and he said, "There's only one way 1851 02:00:35,228 --> 02:00:36,187 - I'm going to let this happen.” - Mm-hmm. 1852 02:00:38,732 --> 02:00:41,192 Everybody out. Come on, now. 1853 02:00:41,234 --> 02:00:42,986 Come on. Come on. 1854 02:00:43,278 --> 02:00:44,612 Come on out now. Come on. 1855 02:01:05,884 --> 02:01:07,385 You cannot touch that water, boy. 1856 02:01:07,427 --> 02:01:08,636 You hear me? 1857 02:01:12,140 --> 02:01:13,475 Keep your balance. 1858 02:01:17,771 --> 02:01:19,314 Do not touch that water. 1859 02:01:25,445 --> 02:01:26,488 Real still. 1860 02:02:03,733 --> 02:02:04,943 Real still. 1861 02:02:21,334 --> 02:02:22,585 Don't touch the water. 1862 02:02:44,732 --> 02:02:49,320 [man] It really affected us and we didn't know what to do. 1863 02:02:49,362 --> 02:02:50,697 Right. 1864 02:02:51,114 --> 02:02:53,116 And it still bothers me today. 1865 02:02:55,410 --> 02:02:58,997 As a kid, we just want to play baseball and swim. 1866 02:03:00,999 --> 02:03:02,917 We didn't know what to do. 1867 02:03:03,376 --> 02:03:05,420 And I wish I could do it over again. 1868 02:03:07,213 --> 02:03:09,007 Because I don't think I did enough. 1869 02:03:12,510 --> 02:03:13,636 How old were you? 1870 02:03:14,554 --> 02:03:15,638 I was nine. 1871 02:03:16,890 --> 02:03:18,016 Nine years old. 1872 02:03:30,445 --> 02:03:34,490 [Isabel] Al Bright went on to become an artist 1873 02:03:34,532 --> 02:03:35,617 and educator. 1874 02:03:36,117 --> 02:03:39,078 He was the first full-time Black faculty member 1875 02:03:39,120 --> 02:03:43,875 at his alma mater, Youngstown State University. 1876 02:03:44,167 --> 02:03:47,253 I missed talking to him for the book 1877 02:03:47,295 --> 02:03:49,088 by a matter of months. 1878 02:03:49,130 --> 02:03:52,300 He passed away at age 82. 1879 02:03:52,759 --> 02:03:56,554 But a part of him died that afternoon in 1951. 1880 02:04:03,561 --> 02:04:05,396 You're going to be fine. 1881 02:04:11,277 --> 02:04:13,780 You're going to be just fine. 1882 02:05:24,517 --> 02:05:27,478 The tragedy of caste 1883 02:05:28,980 --> 02:05:32,150 is that we are judged on the very things 1884 02:05:32,400 --> 02:05:33,735 that we cannot change. 1885 02:05:34,027 --> 02:05:38,656 Signposts on our bodies of gender and ancestry, 1886 02:05:38,698 --> 02:05:43,036 superficial differences that have nothing to do 1887 02:05:43,077 --> 02:05:45,204 with who we are on the inside. 1888 02:05:47,707 --> 02:05:52,295 The goal of this work has not been to resolve issues 1889 02:05:52,336 --> 02:05:55,423 of a millennia-old phenomenon, 1890 02:05:55,923 --> 02:05:58,843 but to bear witness to its presence 1891 02:05:59,093 --> 02:06:01,137 in our everyday lives, 1892 02:06:01,179 --> 02:06:05,433 to shine a light on its history despite those 1893 02:06:05,475 --> 02:06:07,185 who would deny it, 1894 02:06:07,226 --> 02:06:10,396 despite those who would withhold it from us even, 1895 02:06:11,564 --> 02:06:16,194 who try to convince us that we don't need to know. 1896 02:06:20,198 --> 02:06:22,867 We need to know. 1897 02:06:25,078 --> 02:06:31,834 You don't escape trauma by ignoring it. 1898 02:06:35,296 --> 02:06:39,342 You escape trauma by confronting it. 1899 02:06:46,390 --> 02:06:49,227 When you live in an old house, 1900 02:06:49,685 --> 02:06:52,563 you may not want to go in the basement after a storm 1901 02:06:52,814 --> 02:06:54,607 to see what the rains have brought. 1902 02:06:54,649 --> 02:06:58,861 But choose not to look at your own peril. 1903 02:07:05,451 --> 02:07:08,538 We're all like homeowners who've inherited a house 1904 02:07:08,579 --> 02:07:12,208 on a piece of land that's beautiful 1905 02:07:12,250 --> 02:07:13,084 on the outside. 1906 02:07:13,334 --> 02:07:14,961 But the soil is unstable. 1907 02:07:23,094 --> 02:07:28,307 People say I had nothing to do with how this all started. 1908 02:07:28,599 --> 02:07:29,976 I never owned slaves. 1909 02:07:30,017 --> 02:07:31,894 I didn't mistreat untouchables. 1910 02:07:31,936 --> 02:07:34,063 I didn't gas Jews. 1911 02:07:34,355 --> 02:07:38,067 And, yes, not one of us was around 1912 02:07:38,109 --> 02:07:40,027 when this house was built. 1913 02:07:45,700 --> 02:07:48,119 But here we are. 1914 02:07:48,161 --> 02:07:50,621 The current occupants of a property 1915 02:07:50,663 --> 02:07:53,791 with stress cracks built into the foundation, 1916 02:07:53,833 --> 02:07:56,627 and a roof that must be replaced. 1917 02:08:06,804 --> 02:08:10,558 We are the heirs to whatever is right or wrong with it. 1918 02:08:10,892 --> 02:08:13,352 We didn't erect the uneven pillars, 1919 02:08:13,394 --> 02:08:15,813 but they are ours to deal with now. 1920 02:08:24,614 --> 02:08:27,450 The cracks won't fix themselves. 1921 02:08:34,373 --> 02:08:37,668 Any more deterioration is on our watch. 1922 02:08:45,426 --> 02:08:48,554 Caste is not simply hatred. 1923 02:08:55,811 --> 02:09:00,566 It is the worn grooves of routine and expectation. 1924 02:09:00,900 --> 02:09:02,526 Patterns of a social order 1925 02:09:02,568 --> 02:09:06,822 that have been in place so long, it looks natural... 1926 02:09:06,864 --> 02:09:07,740 when it isn't. 1927 02:09:12,745 --> 02:09:16,624 Caste is everywhere, yet invisible. 1928 02:09:20,253 --> 02:09:23,506 No one avoids exposure to its message, 1929 02:09:23,547 --> 02:09:25,091 and the message is simple. 1930 02:09:27,593 --> 02:09:31,097 One kind of person is more deserving of freedom 1931 02:09:31,138 --> 02:09:33,391 than another kind. 1932 02:09:35,726 --> 02:09:38,896 Freedom to love whoever you want to love. 1933 02:09:47,780 --> 02:09:50,950 Freedom to go wherever you want to go. 1934 02:09:55,913 --> 02:09:59,917 Freedom to express yourself however you want 1935 02:09:59,959 --> 02:10:00,793 to express yourself. 1936 02:10:04,755 --> 02:10:10,594 Freedom to resist and fight for your human right to do so. 1937 02:11:10,237 --> 02:11:13,532 [Stan Walker singing "I AM"] 1938 02:11:26,879 --> 02:11:30,633 ♪ We are the colour ♪ 1939 02:11:30,883 --> 02:11:33,344 Jy Found in spring 27 1940 02:11:34,637 --> 02:11:36,931 ♪ You are the wind ♪ 1941 02:11:38,849 --> 02:11:41,727 ♪ Breathe into me ♪ 1942 02:11:42,103 --> 02:11:44,772 ♪ You inherit me ♪ 1943 02:11:46,107 --> 02:11:50,027 ♪ 1 inherit you ♪ 1944 02:11:50,403 --> 02:11:53,572 Jy 1 am the language 77 1945 02:11:53,823 --> 02:11:58,953 Jy You speak to me ♪ 1946 02:11:59,328 --> 02:12:02,832 ♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1947 02:12:03,124 --> 02:12:05,876 ♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1948 02:12:06,210 --> 02:12:10,840 ♪ Tell me how we can stand by ♪ 1949 02:12:11,215 --> 02:12:14,468 ♪ 1 don't wanna be the same 27 1950 02:12:14,802 --> 02:12:18,431 ♪ I'm your girlfriend ♪ 1951 02:12:18,806 --> 02:12:22,726 ♪ The art of Kurawaka ♪ 1952 02:12:22,768 --> 02:12:28,607 ♪ My best regards andJ' 1953 02:12:28,983 --> 02:12:33,821 ♪ Takiri ko haeata ♪ 1954 02:12:34,071 --> 02:12:36,907 Jy Face the sun ♪ 1955 02:12:37,158 --> 02:12:45,249 ♪ Shine, shine to life ♪ 1956 02:12:45,291 --> 02:12:47,960 ♪ We are the waters ♪ 1957 02:12:48,210 --> 02:12:52,131 ♪ The rivers and streams 237 1958 02:12:52,465 --> 02:12:55,926 ♪ Flow through the armor ♪ 1959 02:12:56,177 --> 02:13:00,097 ♪ Of a dying breed [JJ 1960 02:13:00,473 --> 02:13:07,104 Jy 1 am with you and you are with me ♪ 1961 02:13:07,938 --> 02:13:11,233 ♪ Baptized in fire oJ 1962 02:13:11,525 --> 02:13:17,573 ♪ We're lions in the ring ♪ 1963 02:13:17,823 --> 02:13:19,575 ♪ As far as the eye can see ♪ 1964 02:13:19,617 --> 02:13:22,745 ♪ Everything has changed ♪ 1965 02:13:23,037 --> 02:13:26,790 ♪ Tell me how we can stand by ♪ 1966 02:13:28,459 --> 02:13:31,337 ♪ 1 don't wanna be the same 27 1967 02:13:31,587 --> 02:13:35,799 ♪ I'm your girlfriend ♪ 1968 02:13:35,841 --> 02:13:39,261 ♪ The art of Kurawaka ♪ 1969 02:13:39,553 --> 02:13:46,185 ♪ My best regards andJ' 1970 02:13:46,435 --> 02:13:51,190 ♪ Takiri ko haeata ♪ 1971 02:13:51,440 --> 02:13:55,152 Jy Face the sun ♪ 1972 02:13:55,194 --> 02:14:00,157 ♪ Shine, shine to life ♪ 1973 02:14:19,426 --> 02:14:21,303 ♪ New day ♪ 1974 02:14:21,345 --> 02:14:23,305 ♪ You hear me ♪ 1975 02:14:23,347 --> 02:14:24,848 ♪ New day ♪ 1976 02:14:24,890 --> 02:14:28,394 ♪ Your message ♪ 1977 02:14:29,019 --> 02:14:33,607 ♪ Keep it up ♪ 1978 02:14:34,984 --> 02:14:36,569 ♪ New day ♪ 1979 02:14:36,610 --> 02:14:38,946 ♪ You hear me ♪ 1980 02:14:38,988 --> 02:14:40,698 ♪ New day ♪ 1981 02:14:40,739 --> 02:14:43,534 ♪ Your message ♪ 1982 02:14:44,743 --> 02:14:48,789 ♪ Mau tonue ♪ 1983 02:14:50,541 --> 02:14:52,293 ♪ Hou mai ra ♪ 1984 02:14:52,334 --> 02:14:54,336 ♪ To rongo e ♪ 1985 02:14:54,378 --> 02:14:55,921 ♪ Hou mai ra ♪ 1986 02:14:55,963 --> 02:14:59,383 ♪ To karere ♪ 1987 02:15:00,009 --> 02:15:04,179 ♪ Mau tonue ♪ 1988 02:15:15,357 --> 02:15:19,862 ♪ Mau tonue ♪ 1989 02:15:21,905 --> 02:15:25,909 ♪ Taturu whakamaua kia tina ♪ 1990 02:15:25,951 --> 02:15:27,202 Jo TINA IF 1991 02:15:27,494 --> 02:15:28,746 ♪ Haumi e ♪ 1992 02:15:29,038 --> 02:15:29,913 Jo Huie lJ 1993 02:15:30,706 --> 02:15:32,541 ♪ Taikie 27 1994 02:15:36,795 --> 02:15:43,636 [Fink singing "Falling into place"] 1995 02:16:08,952 --> 02:16:13,207 ♪ All of us ♪ 1996 02:16:13,666 --> 02:16:18,712 ♪ Waiting just to fall into focus ♪ 1997 02:16:22,007 --> 02:16:27,137 ♪ Every teardrop ♪ 1998 02:16:27,179 --> 02:16:31,266 ♪ I swear is the last drop 77 1999 02:16:31,558 --> 02:16:33,143 ♪ 1 shed ♪ 2000 02:16:33,936 --> 02:16:40,275 ♪ Side by side 27 2001 02:16:40,651 --> 02:16:46,740 ♪ All l see as I look behind us ♪ 2002 02:16:48,575 --> 02:16:51,245 ♪ That the shadows that we cast ♪ 2003 02:16:55,290 --> 02:16:57,418 ♪ Are the shadows in our past ♪ 2004 02:17:02,881 --> 02:17:07,553 ♪ Everything ♪ 2005 02:17:08,887 --> 02:17:11,557 ♪ That brought us here ♪ 2006 02:17:14,935 --> 02:17:19,690 ♪ Is falling in 22 2007 02:17:21,692 --> 02:17:24,820 Jy To place oF 2008 02:18:15,662 --> 02:18:19,917 ♪ Let yourself go oJ 2009 02:18:20,459 --> 02:18:24,379 Jy And trust me you'll feel better in the morning ♪ 2010 02:18:29,092 --> 02:18:32,262 ♪ Secrets to know ♪ 2011 02:18:33,764 --> 02:18:36,934 27 No one knows nothing ♪ 2012 02:18:36,975 --> 02:18:38,185 Jy Nothing at all ♪7 2013 02:18:42,147 --> 02:18:47,152 ♪ Side by side 27 2014 02:18:47,653 --> 02:18:53,325 ♪ All l see is I look behind us ♪ 2015 02:18:54,993 --> 02:18:58,247 ♪ Are the shadows that we cast ♪ 2016 02:19:01,792 --> 02:19:04,795 ♪ Are the shadows in our past ♪ 2017 02:19:09,091 --> 02:19:14,346 ♪ Everything ♪ 2018 02:19:15,806 --> 02:19:18,433 ♪ That brought us here ♪ 2019 02:19:22,145 --> 02:19:26,650 ♪ Is falling in 22 2020 02:19:28,861 --> 02:19:32,114 Jy To place oF 2021 02:19:35,701 --> 02:19:40,998 ♪ Everything ♪ 2022 02:19:42,165 --> 02:19:46,003 ♪ That brought us here ♪ 2023 02:19:48,881 --> 02:19:53,594 ♪ Is falling in 22 2024 02:19:55,178 --> 02:19:57,890 Jy To place oF